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. 2021 May 12;60(6):3978–3992. doi: 10.1007/s10943-021-01277-8

Table 2.

Group Differences in Spiritual Growth and Psychological Well-being

Variables 5–7 times
a week
(Group A)
1–4 times
a week
(Group B)
Less than once a month
(Group C)
F(p) Scheffe/Dunnett T3
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Spiritual growth SPS 56.89 3.52 55.85 3.99 53.68 4.98

9.10

(< .001) ***

b, c < a
STS 50.91 5.20 49.22 5.13 47.20 5.78

8.33

(.001) ***

b, c < a
Psychological well-being SWLS 24.86 7.39 22.92 6.84 9.32 7.34

8.16

(< .001) ***

b, c < a
CES-D 7.20 7.87 9.28 9.42 13.88 13.56

7.00

(.001)***

*p < .05,**p < .01,***p < .001, post hoc: Scheffe, Dunnett T3

SPS Spiritual Perspective Scale, STS Self-Transcendence Scale, SWLS Satisfaction with Life Scale, CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression