Table 4.

Factors associated with suicides in the prison population. Separate Cox Proportional-Hazards models with associated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated for a in-prison suicides and b suicides after release

(a) In prison model	HR	95% CI	p-value
Age at incarceration	1.03	(1.01–1.06)	0.002
Gender (ref: female)
Male	0.71	(0.30–2.30)	0.712
Type of crime (ref: public order and offences for profit)
Drug and alcohol offences	4.90	(1.26–7.56)	0.014
Sex and violence	4.90	(2.14–11.24)	0.000
Homicide	18.20	(6.52–50.79)	0.000
First incarceration (ref: yes)
No	0.84	(0.50–1.41)	0.512
Type of imprisonment (ref: sentenced)
Pre-trial detention	3.34	(1.78–6.27)	0.000
Prison security level (ref: low)
High	15.36	(3.63–65.03)	0.000
Other	5.43	(1.10–26.78)	0.038

(b) After release model
Age at release	1.00	(1.00–1.01)	0.596
Gender (ref: female)
Male	1.19	(0.89–1.58)	0.239
Type of crime (ref: ref: public order and offences for profit)
Drug and alcohol offences	1.25	(1.05–1.50)	0.014
Sex and violence	1.16	(0.95–1.41)	0.135
Homicide	3.05	(1.71–5.46)	0.000
Number of releases	1.11	(1.06–1.15)	0.000