Table 11.

Summary of key findings and recommendations.

1. Heterogeneity of quantitative outcome measures, settings, participant demographics, and study design make it difficult to draw conclusions from the quantitative studies. High prevalence of floor and ceiling effects across the included studies suggest that future quantitative research would benefit from improved participant screening procedures. 2. Qualitative studies reveal that participants with dementia and their care-partners perceive singing to be a positive and beneficial activity. Despite the inclusion of participants with dementia, the perspectives of care-partners and professionals dominates the literature. Future research should consider strategies to enhance the inclusion of participants with dementia 3. Findings from the meta-integration suggest that benefits to well-being and quality of life may be short-term or transient; ongoing programs may be needed to maintain the benefits that singing can provide. Further research into the long-term impact of singing for people with dementia and their family care-partners is warranted.