Table 5.

Application of different psychological scales.

Mental scale name	Scoring method	Grading	Significance
Health questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9) (39)	A 4-level scoring method of 0 to 3 points is used. The standards for each level are: 0 means no; 1 means light for a few days; 2 means more than half of the time is medium; 3 almost every day; the total score is the score of 9 items Add up.	A total score of 0–4 points without depression; 5–9 points may have mild depression; 10–14 points may have moderate depression; 15–19 points may have moderate or severe depression; 20–27 points may have severe depression disease.	The 9-item patient health questionnaire depression scale is the most important depression screening scale. Including nine projects to investigate the situation in the past week
Beck depression questionnaire (BDI) (40)	There are 21 groups of items, each group has four sentences, and a 4-level scoring method of 0–3 points is adopted. Add the scores together to get the total score.	A total score of 0–9 is divided into no depression, 10–18 is mild depression, 19–29 is moderate depression, and 30–63 is severe depression.	It is most effective for mild to moderate depression and non-psychotic depression. Depression accompanied by physical disease or physical dysfunction also has a good effect.
Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) (20)	Most of the 17-item tables are used, most of which use a 5-level scoring method of 0–4 points. The criteria for each level are: (0) None; (1) Mild; (2) Moderate; (3) Severe; (4) Extremely severe.	More than 24 points are classified as severe depression, more than 17 points are classified as mild or moderate depression, and <7 points have no depressive symptoms.	HAMD is the most commonly used scale for clinical evaluation of depression. Especially suitable for depression. Scoring before and after treatment can evaluate the severity of the condition and the effect of treatment.
Self-rating depression scale (SDS)	Each item is divided into four grades according to the frequency of symptoms, of which 10 are positive scores and 10 are reverse scores. If it is a forward scoring question, it will be rated as 1, 2, 3, and 4 points in turn; for a reverse scoring question, it will be rated as 4, 3, 2, and 1. After the evaluation is over, add up the scores in the 20 items to get the total rough score (X), then multiply the rough score by 1.25 and take the integer part to get the standard score (Y).	According to the results of the Chinese norm, the cut-off value of the SDS standard score is 53 points, of which 53–62 are classified as mild depression, 63–72 are classified as moderate depression, and more than 73 are considered severe depression.	It is mainly suitable for adults with depressive symptoms, including outpatients and inpatients. It is only difficult to assess depression with severe delayed symptoms. At the same time, SDS is not effective for people with lower education level or lower intelligence level.
Carroll depression scale (CDS) (41)	Depression was measured using a 26-item CDS questionnaire, each item of which may be graded on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree.	The total CDS score is the sum of all items and ranges from 26 to 182. A cut-off score of 90 for mild depression and 100 or above has been recommended to detect individuals with more severe depression.	The 26-item Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) is designed to assess depression in adult cardiac populations.
Depression- anxiety-stress scale (DASS-21)	Investigate the individual's experience of negative emotions such as depression, anxiety and stress. A 0–3 point 4-point scale is used, 0 is non-conformance, three is the most consistent or always consistent, and the sum of the seven items of each subscale multiplied by two is the score of the depression and anxiety stress scale.	Depression scale ≤9 is normal, 10–13 is mild, 14–20 is moderate, 21–27 is severe, ≥28 is very severe; anxiety scale ≤7 is normal, 8–9 It is divided into mild, 10–14 is moderate, 15–19 is severe, ≥20 is very severe.	A total of 21 items were investigated in the past week, and the individual's experience of depression, anxiety, and stress and other negative emotions were investigated.
Generalized anxiety self-rating scale (GAD7)	Use 0~3 points and 4 points to score, respectively 3 = almost every day; 2 = more than a week; 1 = a few days; 0 = not at all. The total score is the sum of the scores of seven items, and the total score is The range is 0–21 points.	0–4 points for normal level; 5–9 points for mild anxiety; 10–13 points for moderate anxiety; 14–18 points for moderate to severe anxiety; 19–21 points for severe anxiety.	It is used to evaluate anxiety, and regular self-evaluation can observe the trend of anxiety and the effect of treatment. Screen for mental disorders in primary care.
Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA)	A 5-level scoring method from 0 to 4 points is used. The standards for each level are: 0 means asymptomatic; 1 means mild; 2 means moderate; 3 means severe; 4 means extremely severe. The total score is the sum of the scores of the 14 items.	If the total score exceeds 29 points, it may be severe anxiety; if it exceeds 21 points, there must be obvious anxiety; if it exceeds 14 points, there must be anxiety; if it exceeds seven points, there may be anxiety; if it is <6, the patient has no anxiety symptoms. The general demarcation score is 14 points.	It is one of the most commonly used scales in psychiatric clinics, and it is often used clinically as a basis for the diagnosis and degree of anxiety disorders.
Depression—anxiety—stress scale (HADS) (18)	It is divided into two subscales of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety Subscale HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression Subscale HADS-D), which are rated by 7 items, respectively, and the scale adopts four levels Score (0–3).	0–7 points are asymptomatic; 8–10 points are suspicious; 11–21 points are definitely present; when scoring, the starting point is 8 points, that is, both suspicious and symptomatic people are positive.	It is mainly used to assist doctors in assessing the degree of anxiety and depression of hospitalized patients.
Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS)	Each item is divided into four grades according to the frequency of symptoms, 15 of which are positive scores and 5 are reverse scores. If it is a forward scoring question, it will be rated as 1, 2, 3, and 4 points in turn; for a reverse scoring question, it will be rated as 4, 3, 2, and 1. After the evaluation is over, add up the scores in the 20 items to get the total rough score (X), then multiply the rough score by 1.25 and take the integer part to get the standard score (Y).	According to the results of the Chinese norm, the cut-off value of SAS standard deviation is 50 points, of which 50–59 points are mild anxiety, 60–69 points are moderate anxiety, and 69 points or more are severe anxiety.	SAS is suitable for adults with anxiety symptoms. SAS can be used as a self-evaluation tool for understanding anxiety symptoms in consultation clinics.