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. 2021 Oct 25;79(2):257–267.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.09.008

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The percentage of patients with COVID-19 (n = 116) and patients immediately after cardiac surgery (samples taken within 6 hours of end of surgery; n = 1,044) with urinary biomarker levels above the 90th percentile of reference values, defined by preoperative urinary biomarker levels in patients immediately before cardiac surgery. In both clinical settings, approximately 30%-40% of patients had urinary NGAL levels above the 90th percentile of reference values. Approximately 25% of patients with COVID-19 and no AKI had KIM-1 levels above reference, and nearly 60% of patients after cardiac surgery had KIM-1 levels above reference. Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EGF, epidermal growth factor; IL, interleukin; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule 1; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; UMOD, uromodulin; YKL-40, chitinase-3-like protein 1.