Table 1.
Baseline and Inpatient Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | |
| Demographics | |
| Age, y | 56.3 ± 19.5 |
| Black race | 63 (41%) |
| Female sex | 78 (51%) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 37 (26%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 33 (22%) |
| Hypertension (any) | 102 (67%) |
| Diabetes (any) | 57 (37%) |
| Elixhauser comorbidity score | 6.45 ± 4.94 |
| At Admission | |
| Vital signs | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 126.3 ± 25.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 72.7 ± 14.9 |
| Pulse rate, beats per minute | 96.3 ± 21.9 |
| Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation, % | 95.4 ± 4.4 |
| Hematologic laboratory findings | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.3 ± 2.1 |
| White blood cell count, × 103/μL | 7.5 ± 3.6 |
| Platelet count, × 103/μL | 211.7 ± 84.8 |
| Chemistry laboratory findings | |
| SUN-creatinine ratio | 20.11 ± 16.05 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.09 ± 0.62 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 83.7 ± 36.0 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 73.2 ± 88.8 |
| Urinalysis | |
| Protein ≥2+ | 42 (34%) |
| Blood ≥2+ | 20 (16%) |
| Inpatient Characteristics | |
| Serum creatinine | |
| Baselinea | 0.87 ± 0.5 |
| Time of sample collection | 1.09 ± 0.93 |
| Peak | 1.46 ± 1.2 |
| Discharge | 0.98 ± 0.74 |
| No. of measurements | 11 [6-26] |
| AKI stage and duration | |
| No AKI | 91 (59%) |
| Stage 1 | 31 (20%) |
| Stage 2 | 17 (11%) |
| Stage 3 | 14 (9%) |
| Duration, db | 2.5 [1-6] |
| No. of days to peak serum creatinine measurement | 2 [1-8] |
| Urine microscopy scorec | |
| 0 | 36 (64%) |
| 1 | 17 (30%) |
| 2 | 3 (5%) |
| Dialysis | 7 (5%) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 38 (25%) |
| Death | 19 (12%) |
| Hospital length of stay, d | 12 [6-25] |
| Inpatient treatment before urine biomarker measurement | |
| Tocilizumab | 57 (37%) |
| Remdesivir | 24 (16%) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 58 (38%) |
| Steroidd | 48 (31%) |
N = 153. Values given as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or count (percentage).
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SUN, serum urea nitrogen.
a
Baseline is within 7-365 days of hospital admission.
b
Number of days with AKI stage 1 or higher.
c
Based on number of renal tubular epithelial cells per high-power field, and number of granular casts per low-power field. Urine microscopy was completed in 59 participants (9 with the primary outcome).
d
Steroid is any administration of dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, or hydrocortisone.