TABLE 2.

Sample’s level of preoperative anxiety and depression.

	N	SAS	n (%)	Mean ± SD	t-value	p-value
Surgical patients	100	≤ 30 31–40 41–49 ≥50	0% 41% 59% 0%	40.99 ± 4.55	24.626	0.000*
The norm	1185			29.78 ± 0.46

SAS, the self-rating anxiety scale; SD, standard deviation. * represents P < 0.01, and the difference is statistically significant.