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. 2021 Oct 11;9:715380. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715380

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Copyright © 2021 Pryimak, Zaiachuk, Kovalchuk and Kovalchuk.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Myofibroblast origin in fibrosis. Resident fibroblasts, pericytes, circulating progenitor cells (CD34⁺, CD45⁺, bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transition, mesothelial cells undergoing mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), epithelial cells undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial cells undergoing endothelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EndMT) are all known sources of myofibroblasts in various fibrotic diseases. ECM, extracellular matrix; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β.