TABLE 1.
lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks in osteoarthritis.
| Species | Diseases | Region | lncRNA | Change | miRNA | Expression | Target gene | Change | Functions | References | |
| (1) | Human | OA | Cartilage | H19 | Up | miR-675 | Up | COL2A1 | Up | Inflammation | Steck et al., 2012 |
| (2) | Human, mice | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | GAS5 | Up | miR-21 | Down | MMPs, ADAMTS-4 | Up | Cell apoptosis and autophagy | Song et al., 2014 |
| (3) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA-MSR | Up | miRNA-152 | Down | TMSB4 | Up | ECM degradation | Liu et al., 2016a |
| (4) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | UFC1 | Down | miR-34a | Up | – | – | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Zhang et al., 2016 |
| (5) | Human | OA | Chondrocyte, C28/I2 cells | HOTAIR | Up | miR-17-3p | Down | ETV1 | Up | Cell apoptosis and inflammation | Chen H. et al., 2017 |
| (6) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA PVT1 | Up | miR-488-3p | Down | – | – | Cell apoptosis | Li Y. et al., 2017 |
| (7) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA CIR | Up | miR-27 | Down | MMP13 | Up | ECM degradation | Li Y.F. et al., 2017 |
| (8) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA -UCA1 | Up | miR-204-5p | Down | MMP13 | Up | Cell proliferation | Wang G. et al., 2017 |
| (9) | Human | OA | Synovium tissues, synoviocytes | NEAT1 | Up | miR-181c | Down | OPN | Up | Cell proliferation | Wang Q. et al., 2017 |
| (10) | Rats | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA MEG3 | Down | miR-16 | Up | SMAD7 | Down | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Xu and Xu, 2017 |
| (11) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 | Up | miR-206 | Down | CCND1 | Up | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Cao et al., 2018 |
| (12) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | DANCR | Up | miR-577 | Down | SphK2 | Up | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Fan et al., 2018 |
| (13) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | HOTAIR | Up | miR-17-5p | Down | FUT2 | Up | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation | Hu et al., 2018 |
| (14) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | XIST | Up | miR-211 | Down | CXCR4 | Up | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Mohammadi et al., 2018 |
| (15) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | MALAT1 | Up | miR-127-5p | Down | PI3K/Akt | Up | Cell proliferation | Liang et al., 2018 |
| (16) | Mice | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA-KLF3-AS1 | Up | miR-206 | Down | GIT1 | Up | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Liu et al., 2018 |
| (17) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA CIR | Up | miR-130a | Down | Bim | Up | Cell apoptosis and inflammation | Lu Z. et al., 2019 |
| (18) | Murine | OA | Chondrogenic ATDC5 cells | MALAT1 | Up | miR-19b | Down | Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways | Up | Cell apoptosis and inflammation | Pan et al., 2018 |
| (19) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA SNHG5 | Down | miR-26a | Up | SOX2 | Down | Cell proliferation | Shen et al., 2018 |
| (20) | Human | OA | Human cartilage ATDC5 cells | lncRNA RP11-445H22.4 | Up | miR-301a | Down | CXCR4 | Up | Cell viability, apoptosis and inflammation | Sun et al., 2018 |
| (21) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA -p21 | Up | miR-451 | Down | – | – | Cell apoptosis | Tang L. et al., 2018 |
| (22) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA TUG1 | Up | miR-195 | Down | MMP13 | Up | ECM degradation | Tang L.P. et al., 2018 |
| (23) | Human | OA | ATDC5 cell | MEG3 | Down | miR-203 | Up | Sirt1 | Up | Cell viability, apoptosis and inflammation | Wang et al., 2018e |
| (24) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA DANCR | Up | miR-216a-5p | Down | JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway | Up | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation | Zhang et al., 2018 |
| (25) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | PVT1 | Up | miR-149 | Down | – | – | Inflammation | Zhao et al., 2018 |
| (26) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | lncRNA DNM3OS | Down | miR-126 | Up | IGF1 | Down | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Ai and Yu, 2019 |
| (27) | Rats | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | MEG3 | Down | miR-93 | Up | TGFBR2 | Down | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation | Chen et al., 2019 |
| (28) | Human | OA | Cartilage, ATDC5 cells | lncRNA-HULC | Down | miR-101 | Up | NF-κB and p38MAPK signaling pathways | Down | Inflammation | Chu et al., 2019 |
| (29) | Human | OA | Synovial fluid, chondrocytes | MCM3AP-AS1 | Up | miR-142-3p | Down | HMGB1 | Up | Cell apoptosis | Gao et al., 2019 |
| (30) | Human | OA | LPS-treated C28/I2 cells | H19 | Up | miR-130a | Down | – | – | Cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation | Hu et al., 2019 |
| (31) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | TNFSF10 | Up | miR-376-3p | Down | FGFR1 | Up | Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation | Huang et al., 2019 |
| (32) | Human | OA | Chondrocyte | lncRNA SNHG1 | Down | miR-16-5p | Up | p38MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways | Down | Inflammation | Lei J. et al., 2019 |
| (33) | Human | OA | LPS-treated ATDC5 cells | MIAT | Up | miR-132 | Down | NF-κB and JNK pathways | Up | Cell apoptosis and inflammation | Li et al., 2019a |
| (34) | Rats | OA | LPS-treated chondrocytes | MALAT1 | Down | miR-146a | Up | PI3K | Down | ECM degradation, inflammation and apoptosis | Li et al., 2019b |
| (35) | Human | OA | Cartilage, synoviocytes | lncRNA-ANRIL | Up | miR-122-5p | Down | DUSP4 | Up | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Li et al., 2019c |
| (36) | Human | OA | LPS-treated ATDC5 cells | PMS2L2 | Down | miR-203 | Up | MCL-1 | Down | Cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation | Li et al., 2019d |
| (37) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocytes | lncRNA-TM1P3 | Up | miR-22 | Down | ALK1 | Up | ECM degradation | Li et al., 2019e |
| (38) | Human | OA | IL-1β-induced chondrocytes | MALAT1 | Up | miR-145 | Down | ADAMTS5 | Up | ECM degradation | Liu C. et al., 2019 |
| (39) | Murine | OA | LPS-induced ATDC5 cells | THRIL | Up | miR-125b | Down | JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathways | Up | Inflammation | Liu G. et al., 2019 |
| (40) | Human | OA | Cartilages, chondrocytes | PART-1 | Down | miR-590-3p | Up | TGFBR2, Smad3 | Down | Cell viability and apoptosis | Lu C. et al., 2019 |
| (41) | Human | OA | hMSC, cartilage, chondrocytes | HOTTIP | Up | miR-455-3p | Down | CCL3 | Up | Cartilage degradation | Mao et al., 2019 |
| (42) | Human | OA | Chondrocytes | Nespas | Up | miR-291a-3p, miR-196a-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-let-7a-5p | Down | ACSL6 | Up | Lipid metabolism | Park et al., 2019 |
| (43) | Human | OA | Synovial fluid, chondrogenic cell line CHON-001 | CAIF | Down | miR-1246 | Up | IL-6 | Up | Cell apoptosis | Qi et al., 2019 |
| (44) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | MEG3 | Down | miR-361-5p | Up | FOXO1 | Down | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation | Wang A. et al., 2019 |
| (45) | Human, rats | OA | Chondrocyte (Human) cartilage (rat) | XIST | Up | miR-1277-5p | Down | MMP-13, ADAMTS5 | Up | ECM degradation | Wang T. et al., 2019 |
| (46) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | FOXD2-AS1 | Up | miR-27a-3p | Down | TLR4 | Up | Cell proliferation, inflammation and ECM degradation | Wang Y. et al., 2019 |
| (47) | Human | OA | Synovium, chondrocyte | NEAT1 | Down | miR-181a | Up | GPD1L | Down | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation | Wang Z. et al., 2019 |
| (48) | Human | OA | Cartilages, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) | HOTAIRM1-1 | Down | miR-125b | Up | BMPR2 | Down | Cell viability, apoptosis and differentiation | Xiao et al., 2019 |
| (49) | Human | OA | Cartilages, chondrocyte | LINC00341 | Down | miR-141 | Up | YAF2 | Down | Cell apoptosis | Yang Q. et al., 2019 |
| (50) | Murine | OA | LPS-induced ATDC5 cells | lncRNA-ATB | Down | miR-223 | Up | MyD88/NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways | Up | Cell viability, apoptosis and inflammation | Ying et al., 2019 |
| (51) | Mice | OA | IL-6-induced ATDC5 cells | CHRF | Up | miR-146a | Down | / | / | Cell viability, apoptosis and inflammation | Yu et al., 2019 |
| (52) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | H19 | Up | miR-106a-5p | Down | / | / | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Zhang X. et al., 2019 |
| (53) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | MALAT1 | Up | miR-150-5p | Down | AKT3 | Up | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation | Zhang Y. et al., 2019 |
| (54) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | PART1 | Up | miR-373-3p | Down | SOX4 | Up | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation | Zhu and Jiang, 2019 |
| (55) | Mice | OA | Cartilage, chondrocytes | HOTAIR | Up | miR-20b | Down | PTEN | Up | Cell apoptosis and ECM degradation | Chen Y. et al., 2020 |
| (56) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocytes | HOTAIR | Up | miR-130A-3p | Down | – | – | Cell apoptosis | He and Jiang, 2020 |
| (57) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | GAS5 | Up | miR-34a | Down | Bcl-2 | Up | Cell apoptosis | Ji Q. et al., 2020 |
| (58) | Rat | OA | BMSCs | BLACAT1 | Up | miR-142-5p | Down | – | – | Cell proliferation and differentiation | Ji Y. et al., 2020 |
| (59) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | NEAT1 | Up | miR-16-5p | Up | – | – | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Li D. et al., 2020 |
| (60) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | XIST | Up | miR-376c-5p | Down | OPN | Up | Cell apoptosis | Li L. et al., 2020 |
| (61) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | NEAT1 | Up | miR-193a-3p | Down | SOX5 | Up | Cell apoptosis, inflammation and ECM degradation | Liu et al., 2020 |
| (62) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | LINC00623 | Down | miR-101 | Up | HRAS | Down | Cell apoptosis, senescence and ECM degradation | Lü et al., 2020 |
| (63) | Rat | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | LINC00662 | Down | miR-15b-5p | Up | GPR120 | Down | Cell apoptosis | Lu and Zhou, 2020 |
| (64) | Human | OA | Cartilage, LPS-treated C28/I2 cells | MFI2-AS1 | Up | miR-130a-3p | Down | TCF4 | Up | Cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation and ECM degradation | Luo et al., 2020 |
| (65) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | XIST | Up | miR-142-5p | Down | SGTB | Up | Cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis | Sun P. et al., 2020 |
| (66) | Human | OA | Synovial fluid, chondrocyte | CASC2 | Up | miR-93-5p | Down | – | – | Cell apoptosis | Sun Y. et al., 2020 |
| (67) | Human, Rats | OA | Cartilage (human), chondrocyte (rats) | H19 | Down | miR-106b-5p | Up | TIMP2 | Down | Cell proliferation, migration and ECM degradation | Tan et al., 2020 |
| (68) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | SNHG7 | Down | miR-34a-5p | Up | SYVN1 | Down | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy | Tian et al., 2020 |
| (69) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | NKILA | Down | miR-145 | Up | SP1 | Down | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation | Xue et al., 2020 |
| (70) | Human | OA | Synovial fluid, chondrocytes | CTBP1-AS2 | Up | miR-130A | Down | – | – | Cell proliferation | Zhang et al., 2020a |
| (71) | Human | OA | Peripheral Blood, THP-1 cell | IGHCγ1 | Up | miR-6891-3p | Down | TLR4 | Up | Inflammation | Zhang et al., 2020c |
| (72) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | SNHG15 | Down | miR-141-3p | Up | BCL2L13 | Down | Cell proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation | Zhang et al., 2020e |
| (73) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | LINC00461 | Up | miR-30a-5p | Down | – | – | Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, inflammation, and ECM degradation | Zhang et al., 2020g |
| (74) | Human | OA | Cartilage, chondrocyte | OIP5-AS1 | Down | miR-29b-3p | Up | PGRN | Down | Cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and inflammation | Zhi et al., 2020 |
ACSL6, acyl-CoA synthetase 6; ADAMTSs, a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs; ALK1, activin receptor-like kinase 1; ANRIL, antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus; ATB, activated by transforming growth factor beta; BCL2L13, Bcl2-like 13; Bim, B-cell lymphoma 2 interacting mediators of cell death; BMPR2, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2; BMSCs, bone marrow stromal stem cells; CASC2, Cancer Susceptibility 2; CCND1, Cyclin D1; CHRF, cardiac hypertrophy-related factor; CIR, cartilage injury–related; CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor-4; DANCR, differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA; DNM3OS, dynamin 3 opposite strand; ECM, extracellular matrix; ETV1, Erythroblast transformation-specific translocation variant 1; FGFR1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; FUT2, fucosyltransferase 2; GAS5, Growth Arrest-Specific 5; GIT1, G-protein- coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1; GPD1L, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like; GPR120, G protein−coupled receptor 120; HMGB1, high mobility group protein B1; hMSC, human mesenchymal stem cell; HOTAIRM1-1, HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 variant 1; HULC, highly up-regulated in liver cancer; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor-1; JAK1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MALAT1, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; MCM3AP-AS1, Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 3 Associated Protein Antisense RNA 1; MEG3, maternally expressed gene 3; MEG3, maternally expressed gene 3; MFI2-AS1, melanotransferrin antisense RNA; MIAT, myocardial infarction associated transcript; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; MSR, mechanical stress; NEAT1, nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; OA, osteoarthritis; OIP5-AS1, OIP5 antisense RNA 1; OPN, osteopontin; PART-1, prostate androgen-regulated transcript-1; PGRN, progranulin; PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PMS2L2, PMS1 Homolog 2, Mismatch Repair System Component Pseudogene 2; PVT1, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1; SGTB, small glutamine rich tetratricopeptide repeat containing beta; SNHG, small nucleolar RNA host gene; SOX4, SRY-related high-mobility group box 4; SOX5, Sex-determining region Y-box protein 5; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TCF4, transcription factor 4; TGFBR2, Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 2; THRIL, TNF and hnRNPL related immune-regulatory lincRNA; TMSB4, Thymosin β-4; TUG1, taurine upregulated gene 1; UCA1, urothelial carcinoma associated 1; XIST, X-inactive-specific transcript; YAF2, YY1-associated factor 2.