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. 2021 Oct 11;12:712081. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712081

TABLE 1.

The clinical characteristics of the participants in the discovery and validation cohort.

Clinical indices Discovery cohort (n = 47) p-value Validation cohort (n = 19) p-value


Control (n = 10) Disease (n = 37) Control (n = 9) Disease (n = 10)
Age (years) 37.4 ± 9.43 44.05 ± 14.8 0.2071 46.78 ± 15.21 56.2 ± 14.49 0.2055
Sex (female/male) 3/7 18/19 0.3048 4/5 5/5 0.8504
Hospital stay (in days) ND 35 ± 12.5 ND 35 ± 5.617
Sampling time (after hospitalization) ND 8.35 ± 9.01 ND 31.4 ± 5.4
BMI 21.94 ± 2.341 23.17 ± 2.441 0.1528 23.19 ± 3.373 23.7 ± 4.133 0.9025
Known preexisting medical condition (yes/no) 0/10 4/33 0/9 6/4
Clinical type Mild Moderate Severe Critical 72253 0370
Stomach ache (yes/no) 3/34 1/8
Respiratory tract symptom (yes/no) 10/27 9/1
Antibiotic (yes/no) 12/25 6/4
Antiretroviral (yes/no) 0/37 10/0
TCM (yes/no) 26/11 1/9
Probiotics (yes/no) 0/37 5/5
WBC 5.602 ± 0.774 5.845 ± 1.890 0.7354 7.232 ± 0.922 4.539 ± 1.112 0.0007
Neutrophils 3.294 ± 0.601 3.548 ± 1.556 0.6541 4.12 ± 0.9044 2.981 ± 0.8671 0.0247
Lymphocytes 1.844 ± 0.270 1.781 ± 0.630 0.5074 2.41 ± 0.3187 1.174 ± 0.3735 0.0003
Monocyte 0.34 ± 0.074 0.4140 ± 0.1327 0.1487 0.4289 ± 0.08283 0.339 ± 0.1363 0.1629
Eosinophils 0.085 ± 0.034 0.08972 ± 0.1256 0.1961 0.2422 ± 0.1088 0.033 ± 0.05208 0.0007
Basophils 0.019 ± 0.018 0.01270 ± 0.01217 0.2649 0.03111 ± 0.01453 0.011 ± 0.007379 0.0025
RBC 4.886 + 0.507 4.758 ± 0.5292 0.4747 4.682 ± 0.4799 4.428 ± 0.634 0.4877
Hemoglobin 146.11 ± 17.42 144.0 ± 17.35 0.8250 146.1 ± 16.8 129.4 ± 19.26 0.0602
PLT 208.3 ± 49.24 219.3 ± 60.01 0.7354 227 ± 34.91 155.7 ± 53.93 0.0055
CREA 47.88 ± 13.16 65.98 ± 11.79 0.5556 67.18 ± 15 58.78 ± 12.94 0.1530
URCA 350 ± 92.68 337.5 ± 102.6 0.6558 338.7 ± 105 278 ± 71.1 0.2364
GLU 5.218 ± 1.370 5.385 ± 2.038 0.8518 5.016 ± 0.8887 6.843 ± 3.616 0.0662
ALT 26.96 ± 12.05 28.14 ± 19.55 0.5995 19.77 ± 11.43 14.69 ± 5.996 0.4379
AST 21.39 ± 6.220 26.71 ± 14.89 0.5242 22.66 ± 6.787 23.35 ± 9.088 0.9025
TBIL 11.14 ± 2.653 12.25 ± 5.241 0.6305 14.93 ± 3.676 13.21 ± 8.074 0.1530
DBIL 3.73 ± 1.161 4.808 ± 2.715 0.3765 4.644 ± 1.443 4.352 ± 3.02 0.3074
TP 72.25 ± 5.734 72.50 ± 5.447 0.8966 73.84 ± 2.235 66.75 ± 5.568 0.0142
ALB 43.03 ± 2.878 42.69 ± 3.638 0.5850 46.3 ± 1.681 39.1 ± 4.416 0.0013

Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to compare continuous variables.

BMI, body mass index; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; PLT, blood platelet; CREA, creatinine; URCA, uric acid; GLU, glucose; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; ND, no data; –, no calculation or no data.