. 2021 Apr 2;197:111085. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111085

Table 4.

Summary of mixed effects model for exposure window.

	Exposure Window	Progressive Rate	Total Motility	Sperm Concentration	Total Sperm Count	ALH	BCF	LIN	STR	VAP	VCL	VSL	WOB
PM_2.5	0~9	0.10 ***	0.00 **	0.22	0.67	0.01 **	0.01	0.00	0.00 *	0.04 **	0.05 **	0.02	0.00 **
	10~14	0.05 *	0.00 *	0.16	0.49	0.00 *	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.00 *
	15~69	0.09	0.00	0.03	−0.89	−0.00	0.03 ***	0.00	0.00	0.07 *	0.08 *	0.05 *	0.00
	70~90	−0.01	−0.00	−0.29	−1.33	−0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00
	0~90	0.14 *	0.00	−0.01	−1.11	0.00	0.03 ***	0.00	0.00	0.09 **	0.11 **	0.07 *	0.00 *
PM₁₀	0~9	0.08 ***	0.00 ***	0.16	0.41	0.01 ***	0.00	0.00	0.00 *	0.03 ***	0.05 ***	0.02 *	0.00 ***
	10~14	0.04 **	0.00 **	0.15	0.55	0.00 *	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02 *	0.03 *	0.01	0.00 **
	15~69	0.05	0.00	0.07	−0.44	−0.00	0.02 **	0.00	0.00	0.04 *	0.05 *	0.02	0.00
	70~90	0.01	0.00	−0.19	−0.62	−0.00	−0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00
	0~90	0.13 **	0.00 *	0.07	−0.48	0.00	0.02 **	0.00	0.00	0.08 **	0.09 **	0.05 *	0.00 *
O₃	0~9	0.04	0.00	−0.01	−0.46	−0.00	0.01 **	0.00	0.00	0.03 **	0.04 *	0.03 *	0.00
	10~14	0.02	0.00	0.05	0.27	−0.00	0.01 ***	0.00	0.00	0.03 **	0.03 **	0.02 *	0.00
	15~69	−0.13 ***	−0.00 **	−0.22	−0.39	−0.01 ***	−0.01	−0.00	−0.00 *	−0.07 ***	−0.10 ***	−0.04 **	−0.00 ***
	70~90	−0.05 *	−0.00	−0.06	−0.03	−0.00	−0.01 ***	−0.00	−0.00	−0.03 **	−0.04 **	−0.02 *	−0.00
	0~90	−0.13 **	−0.00 *	−0.27	−0.57	−0.01 **	−0.01	−0.00	−0.00	−0.06 **	−0.09 **	−0.03	−0.00 **
CO	0~9	1.77	0.01	−0.58	−11.27	0.02	−0.34	0.01	0.01	−0.94	−1.77	−0.69	0.02
	10~14	−2.92	−0.02	−4.72	−70.78	0.04	−1.29 **	−0.01	−0.01	−3.38 *	−4.55 *	−2.48	−0.01
	15~69	13.11 *	0.10	−2.27	−53.66	0.19	1.61	0.08 *	0.08 *	6.09	6.54	5.54 *	0.08 *
	70~90	1.75	0.01	−10.69	−95.89	0.14	0.89	0.01	0.01	2.25	3.38	1.69	0.02
	0~90	10.93	0.08	−14.54	−141.56	0.15	1.60	0.07	0.08	5.35	5.90	4.86	0.08
NO₂	0~9	0.13 **	0.00 *	0.38	1.12	0.01 *	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05 *	0.07 *	0.02	0.00 *
	10~14	0.05	0.00	0.28	0.53	0.01	−0.00	−0.00	−0.00	0.01	0.02	−0.00	0.00
	15~69	0.04	0.00	0.11	0.10	0.00	−0.00	−0.00	−0.00	0.02	0.03	0.00	0.00
	70~90	−0.02	−0.00	−0.45 *	−0.86	−0.01	−0.00	0.00	−0.00	0.00	−0.03	0.01	0.00
	0~90	0.06	0.00	−0.05	−0.15	0.00	−0.00	0.00	−0.00	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.00
SO₂	0~9	0.81 ***	0.01 *	1.41	3.23	0.03	0.06	0.00 *	0.00 *	0.30 *	0.36 *	0.23 *	0.00 **
	10~14	0.66 ***	0.00 *	2.03	3.74	0.02	0.08 *	0.00 *	0.00 *	0.25 *	0.30 *	0.18 *	0.00 **
	15~69	0.92 ***	0.01 *	3.06 *	3.96	0.02	0.13 **	0.00	0.00 *	0.34 *	0.50 *	0.21	0.00 *
	70~90	0.91 ***	0.01 **	1.83	3.83	0.05 *	0.06	0.00	0.00 *	0.46 **	0.61 **	0.31 *	0.00 *
	0~90	1.39 ***	0.01 ***	3.43 *	5.09	0.04	0.15 **	0.00 *	0.01 **	0.55 **	0.78 **	0.36 *	0.01 **

Abbreviations: VCL=curvilinear velocity; VSL=straight-line velocity, VAP=average path velocity; ALH=amplitude of lateral head displacement; LIN=linearity; STR=straightness; WOB=wobble; BCF=beat-cross frequency; PM_2.5=particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM₁₀= particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm; O₃=ozone; NO₂=nitrogen dioxide; CO=carbon monoxide; SO₂=sulfur dioxide; BMI= body mass index.

Model adjusted for age, BMI, education level, ethnicity, abstinence duration (days), drinking status, smoking status, relatively humidity and temperature. Significance level: * p <0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001.