Table 1.

Meta-analytical findings for neurodevelopment in children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations

	Number of studies	Number of observations	Cohen’s d (95% CI, p value)	Difference between findings on domains of neurodevelopmental outcome	Heterogeneity, I2	Significant moderators	Egger’s intercept
Overall neurodevelopmental outcome	47	2312	−0.494 (−0.605 to −0.382, p<0.001)		56.2%	Mean length of stay: b=−0.005, p<0.001, mean number of surgeries: b=−0.1371, p=0.003	−1.874, p<0.001
Cognitive outcome	39	2055	−0.435 (−0.567 to −0.302, p=<0.001)	Q=3.194, p=0.343	63.7%	Mean number of surgeries: b=−0.0825, p=0.045	−0.711, p=0.031
Motor outcome	33	1821	−0.610 (−0.769 to −0.451, p=<0.001)		70.3%	Mean length of stay: b=−0.005, p=0.008, mean number of surgeries: b=−0.1789, p=0.001	−2.502, p<0.001
Language outcome	14	701	−0.670 (−0.914 to −0.425, p=<0.001)		68.4%	–	−2.743, p=0.013