Table 1.

Genes mutated in PD are involved in the maintenance of protein homeostasis

GCase 1, glucocerebrosidase 1; LRRK2, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; αSyn, α-Synuclein; Parkin, E3 ubiquitin ligase; ATP13A2, polyamine-transporting ATPase 13A2; DJ1, protein/nucleic acid deglycase 1; SEC16A, protein transport protein; SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERES, ER-exit sites; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; PD, Parkinson’s disease; BiP, immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein, major ER chaperone; PERK, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase; UPR, unfolded protein response; MAMs, mitochondria-associated membranes; ATF4, activating transcription factor 4; SH-SY5Y, neuroblastoma cell line; sXBP1, spliced X-box binding protein-1; MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts.