Table 4.
REMEMBER baseline population clinical and demographic characteristics – icobrain dm - all volumes approved
| HC | SCD | MCI | ADD | Total | p | |
| (N = 88) | (N = 88) | (N = 317) | (N = 204) | (N = 697) | ||
| Sex (% F) | 0.029 | |||||
| F | 46 (52.3%) | 46 (52.3%) | 159 (50.2%) | 129 (63.2%) | 380 (54.5%) | |
| Age at BL (y) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 67.3 (8.7) ∧∧∧, # # # | 69.0 (10.1)∧∧∧, # # # | 74.7 (7.9) ***, +++, # # # | 76.0 (8.4) ***, +++, ∧∧∧ | 73.4 (9.0) | |
| MMSE from 0 to 30 | < 0.001 | |||||
| N | 69 | 83 | 302 | 196 | 650 | |
| Mean (SD) | 29 (1) ∧∧∧, # # # | 29 (1) ∧∧∧, # # # | 25 (3) ***, +++, # # # | 20 (5) ***, +++, ∧∧∧ | 25 (5) | |
| Time between BL MRI and BL NPE (mo) | 0.136 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.1) | 3.7 (6.8) | 2.7 (4.6) | 4.2 (10.2) | 3.3 (7.1) | |
| Education (y) | < 0.001 | |||||
| N | 56 | 81 | 296 | 177 | 610 | |
| Mean (SD) | 14.9 (3.9) ∧∧, # # # | 15.2 (4.2) ∧∧∧, # # # | 13.0 (4.1) **, +++, # # # | 11.2 (4.0) ***, ∧∧∧, # # # | 12.7 (4.3) | |
| GM –gray matter (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 852.2 (44.1) ∧∧∧, # # # | 830.7 (59.0) ∧, # # # | 784.2 (63.5) ***, +, # # # | 784.1 (63.5) ***, +++, ∧∧∧ | 806.9 (61.7) | |
| WM –white matter (mL) | 0.011 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 625.6 (59.5) | 610.5 (55.6) | 596.2 (67.1) | 597.7 (72.9) | 602.1 (67.3) | |
| CGM –cortical gray matter (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 808.5 (43.4) ∧∧∧, # # # | 789.6 (58.5) ∧∧, # # # | 764.2 (53.7) ***, ++, # # # | 749.9 (60.7) ***, +++, ∧∧∧ | 768.8 (58.5) | |
| FL –frontal cortex (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 216.1 (17.1) ∧∧∧, # # # | 214.0 (22.7) ∧, # # # | 200.0 (23.1) ***, + | 195.8 (22.3) ***, +++ | 202.6 (23.3) | |
| PL –parietal cortex (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 139.5 (12.7) ∧∧∧, # # # | 134.2 (15.5) ∧∧∧, # # # | 127.4 (14.3) ***, +++, # # # | 122.0 (15.9) ***, +++, ∧∧∧ | 128.2 (15.8) | |
| OL –occipital cortex (mL) | 0.039 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 63.0 (10.9) | 59.0 (7.7) | 59.3 (11.3) | 59.9 (12.4) | 59.9 (11.2) | |
| TL –temporal cortex (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 149.1 (10.3) ∧∧∧, # # # | 145.6 (14.2) ∧∧∧, # # # | 136.7 (12.0) ***, +++, # # # | 130.6 (14.8) ***, +++, ∧∧∧ | 137.6 (14.4) | |
| HIP –hippocampus, total (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 9.2 (0.8) ∧∧∧, # # # | 8.8 (0.9) ∧∧∧, # # # | 8.1 (1.1) ***, +++, # # # | 7.5 (1.3) ***, +++, ∧∧∧ | 8.1 (1.2) | |
| HIP-L –left hippocampus (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.5 (0.4) ∧∧∧, # # # | 4.4 (0.4) ∧∧∧, # # # | 4.0 (0.6) ***, +++, # # # | 3.7 (0.7) ***, +++, ∧∧∧ | 4.0 (0.6) | |
| HIP-R –right hippocampus (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.7 (0.4) ∧∧∧, # # # | 4.5 (0.5) ∧∧∧, # # # | 4.1 (0.6) ***, +++, # # # | 3.8 (0.7) ***, +++, ∧∧∧ | 4.1 (0.7) | |
| LVENT –lateral ventricles (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 43.3 (21.9) ∧∧, # # | 51.3 (25.6) ∧∧, # # # | 64.3 (28.0) ***, ++, # | 73.7 (29.0) ***, +++, ∧ | 62.7 (29.0) |
Description of the data as percentage and mean ± standard deviation (SD). Analysis: Chi-square test (categorical variables; sex), ANCOVA and Post-hoc analysis with Tukey correction (significance between disease stages (cognitively healthy control (HC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) patients): (continuous variables; MMSE score (p values: SCD-HC: NS, remaining disease stages: < 0.0001), age at baseline (p values: SCD-HC; ADD-MCI: NS, remaining disease stages: < 0.0001), time between baseline MRI and baseline NPE (Post-hoc p values for all disease stages: NS), Education (y): SCD-HC: NS, MCI-HC: < 0.01, remaining disease stages: < 0.001. Brain volumes normalized for head size (Post-hoc p values: Gray matter (GM) SCD-HC: NS, MCI-SCD: < 0.05, remaining disease stages: < 0.001. White matter (WM): NS. Cortical gray matter (CGM) SCD-HC: NS, MCI-SCD: < 0.01, remaining disease stages < 0.001. Frontal cortex (FL) SCD-HC; ADD-MCI: NS, MCI-SCD: < 0.05, remaining disease stages; < 0.001. Parietal cortex (PL) SCD-HC: NS, remaining disease stages: < 0.001. Occipital cortex (OL) MCI-HC: < 0.05, remaining disease stages: NS. Temporal cortex (TL): SCD-HC: NS, remaining disease stages: < 0.0001. Hippocampus (HIP) SCD-HC: NS, remaining disease stages: < 0.0001). Left hippocampus (HIP-L) SCD-HC: NS, remaining disease stages: < 0.001. Right hippocampus (HIP-R) SCD-HC: NS, remaining disease stages: < 0.001. Lateral ventricles (LVENT) SCD-HC: NS, ADD-MCI: < 0.05, MCI-SCD: < 0.01, remaining groups: < 0.001)). Symbols: versus HC *< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001, versus SCD +< 0.05, ++< 0.01, +++< 0.001, versus MCI ∧< 0.05, ∧∧< 0.01, ∧∧∧< 0.001, versus ADD #< 0.05, # #< 0.01, # # #< 0.001. NS, not significant; BL, baseline; NPE, neuropsychological examination.