Table 1.
Comparison of impact variables in multivariate analysis and results of analytical studies with anthropometric measurements for estimating the risk of developing gallstones [4, 35, 39]
| Author/year | Study design | Population/origin | Statistical variables, adjusted for cofounding factors | Association measure OR or RR or HR or PR (95% confidence interval) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsai et al. [38], 2004 | Cohort | 29,847 American male |
AP (M) >102.6 cm |
RR 2.29 (1.69–3.11) | AP + WHI increased indices of central adiposity; increases the risk of developing gallstones with statistical significance |
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| WHI >0.99 |
RR 1.78 (1.38–2.28) | ||||
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| Liu et al. [4], 2018 | Cohort | 88,947 Male and female Chinese |
BMI (M) AP (M) WHI (M) |
HR 1.63 (1.47–1.79) HR 1.53 (1.40–1.68) HR 1.44 (1.31–1.58) |
BMI + AP indices that together increase the predictive value to determine the development of lithiasis in M with statistical significance |
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| BMI (F) AP (F) WHI (F) |
HR 2.11 (1.79–2.49) HR 1.84 (1.55–2.19) HR 1.84 (1.55–2.19) |
BMI + WHI indices that together increase the predictive value to determine the development of lithiasis in F with statistical significance | |||
|
| |||||
| Kim et al. [39], 2019 | Cross-sectional | 724,114 Subgroup analysis 20–39 years n = 154,463 young adults Male and female Korean |
HDL (M) | OR 0.858 (0.741–0.994) | Low HDL in M, independent risk factor for the development of lithiasis with statistical significance |
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| BMI (F) HDL (F) |
OR 1.512 (1.17–1.955) OR 0.747 (0.573–0.972) |
High BMI and low HDL in F, independent risk factors for the development of stones with statistical significance | |||
M, male; F, female; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; HR, hazard ratio; PR, prevalence risk; BMI, body mass index; AP, abdominal perimeter; WHI, waist-hip index.