Table 1.
Clinical characteristics compared by TG13 severity grading
| All (n = 262) | Grade 1: mild (n = 95) |
Grade 2: moderate (n = 94) |
Grade 3: Severe (n = 73) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 75.9 (64.8–82.8) | 68.9 (61.4–78.3) | 78.1 (70.4–83.3) | 80.1 (66.3–83.8) | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 129 (49.2) | 43 (45.3) | 45 (47.9) | 41 (56.2) | 0.355 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 100 (38.2) | 32 (33.7) | 33 (35.1) | 35 (47.9) | 0.126 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 53 (20.2) | 16 (16.8) | 15 (16.0) | 22 (30.1) | 0.046 |
| COPD/asthma | 12 (4.6) | 4 (4.2) | 6 (6.4) | 2 (2.7) | 0.523 |
| Chronic renal impairment | 38 (14.5) | 12 (12.6) | 12 (12.8) | 14 (19.2) | 0.41 |
| History of biliary disease | 136 (51.9) | 46 (48.4) | 52 (55.3) | 38 (52.1) | 0.637 |
| Abdominal pain | 178 (67.9) | 67 (70.5) | 63 (67.0) | 48 (65.8) | 0.783 |
| Pyrexia | 156 (59.5) | 50 (52.6) | 60 (63.8) | 46 (63.0) | 0.227 |
| Vomiting | 123 (46.9) | 45 (47.4) | 42 (44.7) | 36 (49.3) | 0.833 |
| Jaundice | 67 (25.6) | 25 (26.3) | 21 (22.3) | 21 (28.8) | 0.627 |
| Abdominal tenderness | 136 (51.9) | 51 (53.7) | 45 (47.9) | 40 (54.8) | 0.614 |
| Temperature, °C | 37.94±1.10 | 37.68±0.98 | 38.10±1.10 | 38.07±1.18 | 0.014 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 91.77±19.09 | 85.64±17.06 | 91.56±15.27 | 100.01±22.84 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 123.22±25.97 | 127.84±22.09 | 125.56±22.46 | 114.19±32.23 | 0.004 |
| Respiratory rate, rpm | 17.41±1.21 | 17.49±0.89 | 17.26±0.85 | 17.50±1.81 | 0.191 |
| White blood cell count, n × 109/L | 12.79±5.87 | 10.92±4.77 | 14.27±4.91 | 13.32±7.48 | <0.001 |
| Platelet count, n × 109/L | 227.22±106.14 | 227.45±83.73 | 251.17±102.04 | 196.07±128.44 | 0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 253.11±287.26 | 275.45±277.24 | 251.01±345.95 | 227.07±206.78 | 0.255 |
| ALT, U/L | 195.84±171.72 | 219.22±165.04 | 196.98±201.92 | 163.96±130.08 | 0.09 |
| Bilirubin, μmol/L | 73.31±64.63 | 57.32±44.62 | 75.74±63.99 | 91±81.18 | 0.004 |
| ALP, U/L | 294.13±253.42 | 263.77±225.11 | 290.20±244.34 | 338.68±293.74 | 0.262 |
| GGT, U/L | 387.82±314.83 | 431.61±339.45 | 361.48±332.82 | 365.34±249.20 | 0.296 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 120.57±103.54 | 90.04±28.69 | 95.65±30.68 | 192.40±171.18 | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 31.79±6.24 | 34.65±4.79 | 30.71±6.15 | 29.44±6.67 | <0.001 |
| Total positive blood cultures, n | 95 | 28 | 31 | 36 | 0.001 |
| Monomicrobial | 79 (83.2) | 27 (96.4) | 28 (90.3) | 24 (66.7) | |
| Polymicrobial | 16 (16.8) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (9.7) | 12 (33.3) | |
| E. coli | 66 (69.5) | 17 (60.7) | 22 (71.0) | 27 (75.0) | 0.016 |
| Cholelithiasis | 186 (71.0) | 79 (83.2) | 64 (68.1) | 43 (58.9) | 0.002 |
| Malignancy | 45 (17.2) | 9 (9.5) | 17 (18.1) | 19 (26.0) | 0.018 |
| Ultrasound | 71 (27.1) | 26 (27.4) | 25 (26.6) | 20 (27.4) | 0.991 |
| CT scan | 104 (39.7) | 34 (35.8) | 42 (44.7) | 28 (38.4) | 0.441 |
| MRCP scan | 116 (44.3) | 48 (50.5) | 44 (46.8) | 24 (32.9) | 0.061 |
| ERCP | 146 (55.7) | 63 (66.3) | 50 (53.2) | 33 (45.2) | 0.020 |
| Index admission cholecystectomy | 14 (5.4)a | 10 (10.6)a | 3 (3.2) | 1 (1.4) | 0.039 |
| 30-day mortality | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.1) | 0.020 |
| 90-day mortality | 11 (4.2) | 2 (2.1) | 3 (3.2) | 6 (8.2) | 0.122 |
| In-hospital mortality | 15 (5.7) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (5.3) | 9 (12.3) | 0.008 |
Values are presented as medians (IQR), numbers (%), or means (±SD), or numbers. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase, MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. a There was a case of postcholecystectomy pancreatitis that was removed from the count.