Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of patient variables against in-hospital mortality
| Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age ≥75 years | 1.045 (0.368–2.971) | 0.934 | − | − |
| Male gender | 4.444 (1.224–16.139) | 0.023 | 4.543 (0.603–34.248) | 0.142 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.287 (0.095–0.865) | 0.027 | 12.531 (0.354–116.015) | 0.026 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 3.733 (0.480–29.049) | 0.208 | − | − |
| COPD/asthma | 1.513 (0.185–12.728) | 0.693 | − | − |
| Chronic renal impairment | 1.514 (0.407–5.639) | 0.536 | − | − |
| History of biliary disease | 1.921 (0.638–5.782) | 0.246 | − | − |
| Abdominal pain | 4.676 (1.545–14.152) | 0.006 | 0.297 (0.050–1.756) | 0.181 |
| Vomiting | 6.242 (1.380–28.241) | 0.017 | 0.098 (0.007–1.341) | 0.082 |
| Jaundice | 0.670 (0.221–2.037) | 0.480 | − | − |
| Abdominal tenderness | 1.062 (0.374–3.020) | 0.909 | − | − |
| Heart rate >90 bpm | 4.517 (1.244–16.403) | 0.022 | 3.551 (0.456–27.676) | 0.226 |
| Systolic blood pressure ≤100 mm Hg | 5.128 (1.752–15.014) | 0.003 | 10.108 (1.094–93.395) | 0.041 |
| Respiratory rate | 1.079 (0.743–1.566) | 0.690 | − | − |
| High fever ≥39°C | 0.894 (0.243–3.281) | 0.865 | − | − |
| White blood cell count >12,000/m3 | 1.029 (0.362–2.924) | 0.958 | − | − |
| White blood cell count <4,000/m3 | 3.457 (0.378–31.628) | 0.272 | − | − |
| Hyperbilirubinemia ≥85.5 μmol/L | 2.351 (0.821–6.734) | 0.111 | − | − |
| Hypoalbuminemia <28 g/L | 11.11 (3.393–36.393) | <0.001 | 0.728 (0.064–8.285) | 0.798 |
| Cardiovascular (inotropes used) | 3.609 (0.924–14.103) | 0.065 | 0.642 (0.047–8.829) | 0.741 |
| Neurologic (GCS <15) | 9.616 (2.559–36.136) | 0.001 | 38.160 (1.804–807.191) | 0.019 |
| Renal (creatinine ≥176.8) | 4.440 (1.405–14.028) | 0.011 | 0.848 (0.076–9.475) | 0.894 |
| Hepatic (INR >1.5) | 7.567 (2.445–23.415) | <0.001 | 2.361 (0.298–18.691) | 0.416 |
| Hematologic (platelets <100) | 2.221 (0.461–10.704) | 0.320 | − | − |
| AST >45 U/L | 0.287 (0.092–0.895) | 0.032 | 0.144 (0.007–2.880) | 0.205 |
| ALT >55 U/L | 0.227 (0.078–0.662) | 0.007 | 1.042 (0.066–16.446) | 0.977 |
| ALP >120 U/L | 1.448 (0.316–6.643) | 0.634 | − | − |
| GGT >90 U/L | 1.038 (0.224–4.802) | 0.962 | − | − |
| Monomicrobial | 0.352 (0.068–1.821) | 0.213 | − | − |
| Polymicrobial | 0.473 (0.083–2.685) | 0.398 | − | − |
| Cholelithiasis | 11.44 (3.127–41.832) | <0.001 | 0.349 (0.027–4.578) | 0.349 |
| Malignancy | 12.11 (3.907–37.558) | <0.001 | 14.135 (1.017–196.394) | 0.049 |
| qSOFA score >1 | 7.446 (1.317–42.092) | 0.023 | 0.146 (0.001–25.697) | 0.466 |
The total in-hospital mortality number was 15. INR, international normalized ratio; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.