Table 2.
Main outcome measures reported by studies
| MMSE Average | PG AB IgG | TNF-α | PG or vir. factors | |||||
| (at baseline) | ||||||||
| Study | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls |
| (Noble et al., 2014) [42] | – | – | Found in 25 | Found in 25 | – | – | – | – |
| (n = 110) | (n = 109) | |||||||
| (Ide et al., 2016) [40] | 19.5 | 21.0 | Mean average: | Mean average: | 0.29 pg/ml | 0.16 pg/ml | – | – |
| 0.38 Units | 0.37 Units | difference | difference | |||||
| (Poole et al., 2013) [10] | – | – | – | – | – | – | Found in 4 | Found in 0 |
| (n = 10) | (n = 10) | |||||||
| (Sparks Stein et al., 2012) [43] | 28.8 | 23.8 | Mean average: | Mean average: | – | – | – | – |
| 0.38 Units | 0.22 Units | |||||||
| (Laugisch et al., 2018) [41] | 22.1 | 23.8 | Found in 2 | Found in 3 | – | – | Not detected in | |
| (n = 20) | (n = 20) | serum or CSF | ||||||
| (Kamer et al., 2009) [44] | 19.5 | 29.3 | Found in 5 | Found in 6 | 13.0 pg/ml | 8.2 pm/ml | – | – |
| (n = 18)1 | (n = 16)2 | |||||||
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; PD, periodontal disease; CI, cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PG AB IgG, Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody immunoglobulin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid. 1In the study by Kamer et al. [44], antibody immunoglobulin titers found were reported cumulatively. No separate results for AB IgG were presented.