Table 3.
Additional Analysis and Data Extracted from Studies
| (Noble et al., 2014) [42] | (Ide et al., 2016) [40] | (Poole et al., 2013) [10] | (Sparks Stein et al., 2012) [43] | (Laugisch et al., 2018) [41] | (Kamer et al., 2009) [44] | |
| Education | Cases: 7.8 years | – | – | Cases: 16 years | – | Cases: 14.4 years |
| Controls: 11.9 years | Controls: 15.9 years | Controls: 15.6 years | ||||
| Race | 47% Hispanic | – | – | – | All Caucasian | Cases: 83% white |
| 26.5% Black | Controls: 81% white | |||||
| (no difference in cases against controls) | ||||||
| APOE Status | Cases: 24.1% Positive | – | (Siddiqui et al.) [68]1 | Cases: 37.1 % Positive | – | Measured |
| Controls: 26.4% Positive | Controls: 15.6% Positive | – | ||||
| Smoking | Cases: 7.6% | Only non-smokers recruited | – | Cases: 38.9% | All non-smokers | |
| Controls: 11.5% | Controls: 47.8% | |||||
| Diabetes | Cases: 21.8% Positive | – | – | Cases: 8.3% | All non-diabetic | No medical confounders2 |
| Controls: 15.6% Positive | Controls: 11.6% | |||||
| Hypertension | Cases: 57.3% Positive | – | – | – | – | |
| Controls: 56.9% Positive | ||||||
| Stroke History | Cases: 15.5% Positive | – | – | – | – | |
| Controls: 2.8% Positive | ||||||
| Oral Health Measures | Oral health status measured | Oral health status measured | – | – | Oral health status measured | |
| Participant Matching | By ethnicity and from the same community | From same community | By age | By age and gender | From same mental health unit |
APOE, Apolipoprotein. 1Although not mentioned in the study by Poole et al. [10], APOE genotypes of samples have been detected in a follow-up study by Siddiqui et al. [68] in 2019. The study states that 40% (4/10 samples) of the AD-diagnosed samples where positive of APOE 4 while 10% (1/10) of the control non-AD diagnosed samples was APOE positive [68]. 2The study states that all participants went through extensive diagnosis to rule out confounding medical, neurological, and psychiatric conditions.