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Measurement of lymphatic-related factors in the vitreous fluid of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with and without vitreous hemorrhage. VEGF-A (A), VEGF-C (B), VEGF-D (C), and VEGFR2 expression in vitreous fluids from patients with a macular hole (MH) (n = 15), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) without vitreous hemorrhage (VH) (n = 15), and PDR with VH (n = 9). All cytokines were measured by ELISA. Values are the means ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, Student's t-test.
