Summary of findings 4. Tailored print materials in addition to standard smoking cessation treatment in primary care.
| Tailored print materials in addition to standard smoking cessation treatment in primary care | ||||||
| Patient or population: people who attend primary care and smoke tobacco Setting: primary care (Europe) Intervention: tailored print materials plus standard smoking cessation support Comparison: standard smoking cessation support | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with placebo | Risk with tailored print materials | |||||
| Smoking abstinence at 6‐month follow‐up or more | Study population | RR 1.29 (1.04 to 1.59) | 15,978 (6 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ MODERATEa | ‐ | |
| 3 per 100 | 4 per 100 (4 to 5) | |||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RCT: randomized controlled trial; RR: Risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
aDowngraded one level due to risk of bias. Removing the two studies judged to be at high risk of bias shifted the CI so that it incorporated the potential for no difference in cessation rates between intervention and comparator groups.