Comparison 5. Provider training (provider‐level).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
5.1 Long‐term abstinence	7	13685	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.10 [0.85, 1.41]
5.1.1 Provider training + standard care vs standard care	5	12011	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.81, 1.53]
5.1.2 Provider training + multicomponent int vs multicomponent int	2	1674	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.04 [0.56, 1.93]
5.2 Asking rates	4	3591	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.09 [1.05, 1.13]
5.2.1 Provider training + standard care vs standard care	3	2724	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.08 [1.03, 1.12]
5.2.2 Provider training + multicomponent int vs multicomponent int	1	867	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.18 [1.06, 1.31]
5.3 Advise rates	4	4112	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.12 [1.02, 1.24]
5.3.1 Provider training + standard care vs standard care	2	2438	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.21 [0.95, 1.54]
5.3.2 Provider training + multicomponent int vs multicomponent int	2	1674	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.05 [0.98, 1.12]
5.4 Assistance rates	5		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.4.1 Quit date set	3	3305	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.64 [0.86, 3.14]
5.4.2 Self‐help materials	4	4380	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	2.32 [1.16, 4.62]
5.4.3 Medication	2	1674	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.15 [0.90, 1.47]
5.4.4 Counseling	1	867	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.26 [1.09, 1.45]
5.5 Arrange follow‐up support rates	3	2674	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.60 [0.95, 2.69]
5.6 Quit attempts	5	6700	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.04 [0.98, 1.10]
5.6.1 Provider training + standard care vs standard care	3	5026	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.94, 1.10]
5.6.2 Provider training + multicomponent int vs multicomponent int	2	1674	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.98, 1.19]