Fu 2014.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Veterans Affairs primary care sites, USA Recruitment: Identified through VA's EMR Health Factors Dataset at each participating site
Participants	6400 veterans who were currently smoking, average age 56, average cpd 18
Interventions	Intervention: participants received proactive outreach (mailed invitation materials followed by telephone outreach) and offer of choice of smoking cessation services (telephone care or in‐person care) Control: participants had access to tobacco treatment services from their VA hospital
Outcomes	6m prolonged abstinence at 12m Validation: None
Funding Source	Funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D)
Author's declarations of interest	Authors declared that they had no conflict of interest
Notes	Strategy: Proactive mailings Level: Patient Comparison type: Single component vs. standard care
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Sequence Generation	Unclear risk	No details reported
Allocation concealment	Unclear risk	No details reported
Blinding of outcome assessors All outcomes	High risk	Smoking abstinence was self‐report and contact with the study team was differential across study arms
Incomplete outcome data All outcomes	Low risk	The overall loss to follow‐up was 34.0% (n = 1741/5123); 35.9% (n = 905/2519) in the intervention group and 32.1% (n = 836/2604) in the control group were lost to follow‐up at 12 months