Ockene 1994.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: 3‐group randomized controlled trial Setting: Primary care, USA Recruitment: Opportunistic recruitment from practice
Participants	1499 adults who smoked aged 18 ‐ 75 years, 57% F, av.age 35.3, 23 cpd
Interventions	Intervention 1: participants received simple, individualized advice to stop smoking from their physician Intervention 2: participants received counseling with a patient‐centered approach, consisting of questions addressing motivation and a written plan for change. Participants also received a self‐help booklet and a list of local smoking cessation programs and scheduling of a follow‐up visit or telephone call Intervention 3: participants received the same counseling as in intervention, plus a prescription of free 2 mg nicotine gum if agreed to set a quit date
Outcomes	Maintained 7‐day PPA at 12m Validation: None
Funding Source	National Cancer Institute Grant
Author's declarations of interest	Not reported
Notes	Strategy: Cost‐free medications Level: Patient Comparison type: Single component vs. standard care
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Sequence Generation	Unclear risk	No details reported
Allocation concealment	Unclear risk	No details reported
Blinding of outcome assessors All outcomes	High risk	Self‐reported smoking cessation plus varying contact between groups
Incomplete outcome data All outcomes	Unclear risk	The overall loss to follow‐up was 15.9% (n = 238/1499) at 12 months. No further details on the number lost to follow‐up by group were reported