Piper 2018.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: randomized controlled trial Setting: 7 primary care clinics within 2 Wisconsin healthcare systems, USA Recruitment: Mailings to patients identified from electronic health record
Participants	623 people who smoked 57.3% F, av. age 49.7, av. cpd 16.8
Interventions	Common components in both groups: counseling and nicotine patches (duration different between the groups) Intervention: participants received 3 weeks of prequit mini‐lozenges, 26 weeks of nicotine patch + mini‐lozenges, 3 in‐person and 8 phone counseling sessions, and 7 – 11 automated prompts to use medication Control: participants received 10 minutes of in‐person counseling, 8 weeks of nicotine patch, and referral to quitline services
Outcomes	PPA at 12m Validation: CO < 6 ppm
Funding Source	National Institutes of Health
Author's declarations of interest	Authors declared that they had no conflict of interest
Notes	Strategy: Adjunctive counseling, cost‐free medications, medication prompts Level: Patient Comparison type: Multicomponent vs. standard care
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Sequence Generation	Low risk	QUOTE: "Computer‐based randomization used a 1:1 randomization within blocks of six participants, stratified by gender"
Allocation concealment	Low risk	QUOTE: "Computer‐based randomization used a 1:1 randomization within blocks of six participants, stratified by gender"
Blinding of outcome assessors All outcomes	Low risk	Smoking status was biochemically validated
Incomplete outcome data All outcomes	Low risk	The overall loss to follow‐up was 45.1% (n = 281/623); 48.1% (n = 148/308) in the intervention group and 42.2% (n = 133/315) in the control group were lost to follow‐up at 12 months