Young 2008.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: General practices in South Western Sydney, Australia Recruitment: Eligible GPs were approached by research staff and invited to participate. All eligible patients were approached in the waiting room and were given an information letter and self‐administered questionnaire to complete before seeing their GP
Participants	318 adults who smoked (169 intervention, 149 control) av.age 38, 46% M
Interventions	Intervention: participants received a phone call from a nurse who delivered intervention based on the 5As. Participants were mailed a quit kit, encouraged to use NRT and set a quit date. Those that set a quit date were called on the specified quit day, then 1 week and 3 weeks after the quit date. During these 3 calls, participants were congratulated if they had quit, were encouraged to maintain quitting and assisted in resolving any problems arising. People who relapsed to smoking received motivation advice and were encouraged to 'reframe' relapse as a learning experience for future cessation Control: QUOTE: "control group smokers received the GP's usual care. We also provided GPs with free copies of government‐sponsored quit kits to distribute to smokers in this group". No further details reported
Outcomes	Undefined PPA at 12m Validation: None Quit attempts Measures of provider implementation: Advise, Arrange, Assist‐Quit date, Assist‐Self‐help, Assist‐Medication
Funding Source	Project Grant G00S0686 from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. At the time of the study, JY was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Foundation Public Health (Australia) Fellowship (No 007024)
Author's declarations of interest	Authors declared that they had no competing interest
Notes	Strategy: Adjunctive counseling Level: Patient Comparison type: Single component vs. standard care
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Sequence Generation	Low risk	QUOTE: "Questionnaires were randomly ordered and coded prior to delivery to the practice by selecting sequential numbers from a computer generated random number list"
Allocation concealment	High risk	QUOTE: "Pre‐randomised questionnaires and allocated unobtrusive marks that were meaningful only to the GPs in order to convey group allocation". Does not specify that this was concealed
Blinding of outcome assessors All outcomes	High risk	Smoking status was self‐reported and person‐to‐person contact differed between the groups
Incomplete outcome data All outcomes	Unclear risk	The response rate was 69% in the intervention group and 59% in the control group at 12 months ‐ not reported by group