3.

Quality of life (IPSS‐QoL). Top left: visual representation of the network. Bottom left: comparison‐adjusted funnel plot for the detection of publication bias. We found no important asymmetry in this plot, therefore publication bias is not strongly suspected.Top right panel: forest plot representing the estimates from the network meta‐analysis. Bottom right: The surface under the curve (SUCRA) of each of these plots defines the probability that a treatment out of n treatments in a network meta‐analysis is the best, the second, the third, and so on until the least effective treatment. CRFWVT: convective radiofrequency water vapor therapy; PAE: prostatic arterial embolization; PUL: prostatic urethral lift; TIND: temporary implantable nitinol device; TUMT: transurethral microwave thermotherapy; TURP: transurethral resection of the prostate.