3. Confidence intervals and predictive intervals ‐ Considerations on inconsistency (heterogeneity).
| Urinary symptoms score | MD | 95% CI | 95% PrI | Inconsistency (heterogeneity) |
| PUL | 1.47 | (‐4.00, 6.93) | (‐7.88, 10.81) | no concerns |
| PAE | 1.55 | (‐1.23, 4.33) | (‐6.22, 9.32) | some concerns |
| CRFWVT (Rezūm) | 3.6 | (‐4.25, 11.46) | (‐7.62, 14.83) | no concerns |
| TUMT | 3.98 | (0.85, 7.10) | (‐3.95, 11.91) | some concerns |
| TIND | 7.5 | (‐0.68, 15.69) | (‐4.00, 19.01) | some concerns |
| Quality of life | MD | 95% CI | 95% PrI | Inconsistency (heterogeneity) |
| PUL | 0.06 | (‐1.17, 1.30) | (‐2.20, 2.32) | no concerns |
| PAE | 0.09 | (‐0.57, 0.75) | (‐1.78, 1.96) | major concerns |
| CRFWVT (Rezūm) | 0.37 | (‐1.45, 2.20) | (‐2.41, 3.15) | no concerns |
| TUMT | 0.65 | (‐0.48, 1.78) | (‐1.52, 2.83) | some concerns |
| TIND | 0.87 | (‐1.04, 2.79) | (‐1.99, 3.74) | no concerns |
| Major adverse events | RR | 95% CI | 95% PrI | Inconsistency (heterogeneity) |
| TUMT | 0.20 | (0.09, 0.43) | (0.08, 0.49) | no concerns |
| PUL | 0.30 | (0.04, 2.22) | (0.03, 3.02) | no concerns |
| CRFWVT (Rezūm) | 0.37 | (0.01, 18.62) | (0.00, 34.03) | no concerns |
| TIND | 0.52 | (0.01, 24.46) | (0.01, 44.30) | no concerns |
| PAE | 0.65 | (0.25, 1.68) | (0.22, 1.95) | no concerns |
| Retreatment | RR | 95% CI | 95% PrI | Inconsistency (heterogeneity) |
| PUL | 2.39 | (0.51, 11.1) | (0.35, 16.27) | no concerns |
| PAE | 4.39 | (1.25, 15.44) | (0.91, 21.10) | some concerns |
| TUMT | 9.71 | (2.35, 40.13) | (1.65, 57.09) | no concerns |
| Erectile function | MD | 95% CI | 95% PrI | Inconsistency (heterogeneity) |
| CRFWVT (Rezūm) | 6.49 | (‐8.13, 21.12) | (‐101.30, 114.29) | no concerns |
| TIND | 5.19 | (‐9.36, 19.74) | (‐102.18, 112.56) | no concerns |
| PUL | 3.00 | (‐5.45, 11.44) | (‐72.02, 78.02) | no concerns |
| PAE | ‐0.03 | (‐6.38, 6.32) | (‐65.78, 65.72) | no concerns |
| Ejaculatory function | RR | 95% CI | 95% PrI | Inconsistency (heterogeneity) |
| PUL | 0.05 | (0.00, 1.06) | (0.00, 3.28) | some concerns |
| PAE | 0.35 | (0.13, 0.92) | (0.07, 1.62) | major concerns |
| TUMT | 0.34 | (0.17, 0.68) | (0.06, 2.10) | major concerns |
| Minor adverse events | RR | 95% CI | 95% PrI | Inconsistency (heterogeneity) |
| PAE | 1.06 | (0.57, 1.99) | (0.30, 3.72) | no concerns |
| TUMT | 1.43 | (0.74, 2.75) | (0.40, 5.11) | no concerns |
| CRFWVT | 1.78 | (0.51, 6.21) | (0.30, 10.61) | no concerns |
| TIND | 3.35 | (0.74, 15.26) | (0.43, 26.07) | no concerns |
| Urinary retention | RR | 95% CI | 95% PrI | Inconsistency (heterogeneity) |
| PAE | 1.82 | (0.75, 4.41) | (0.43, 7.69) | no concerns |
| PUL | 1.09 | (0.12, 10.03) | (0.08, 15.67) | no concerns |
| TUMT | 2.93 | (1.19, 7.22) | (0.68, 12.53) | major concerns |
| CRFWVT | 2.02 | (0.07, 55.79) | (0.04, 91.05) | no concerns |
| TIND | 2.73 | (0.1, 73.42) | (0.06, 119.61) | no concerns |
The reference for these estimates is TURP. CI: confidence interval; CRFWVT: convective radiofrequency water vapor therapy; IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score; MD: mean difference; PAE: prostatic arterial embolization; Pri: predictive interval; PUL: prostatic urethral lift; QoL: quality of life; RR: risk ratio; TIND: temporary implantable nitinol device; TUMT: transurethral microwave thermotherapy; TURP: transurethral resection of the prostate.