Yanovski 2009.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants | Men and women 18 years or older. The trial was conducted in the United States of America. | |
| Interventions | Intervention: Calcium supplement (calcium carbonate 1500 mg/day) Comparator: Placebo capsules with no calcium |
|
| Outcomes | Primary: Body weight Secondary: triceps skinfold fold thickness, body circumferences and DXA percentage fat. |
|
| Notes | 23% reported dietary calcium intake less than 600 mg/d and 75% reported dietary calcium intake less than the U.S. dietary reference intake for persons age 51 to 70 years (1200 mg/d). | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | The National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Pharmaceutical Development Section used permuted blocks with stratification to generate the alloca‐ tions that translated code numbers into study group assign‐ ments by using a pseudo‐random number program. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | The Pharmaceutical Development Section prepared placebo and calcium capsules to appear identical. Pharmacy personnel, not otherwise involved with the conduct of the study, dispensed study capsules with medication placed in con‐ tainers that appeared identical and differed only by the individual participant code number. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No participant, investigator, or other medical or nursing staff interacting with participants was aware of study group assignments for the duration of the trial. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No participant, investigator, or other medical or nursing staff interacting with participants was aware of study group assignments for the duration of the trial. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information presented in the article |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes reported |
| Other bias | Unclear risk | No baseline or crude data reported |