Table 4.

GEE analysis of the relationship between cognitive impairment and 1-year HRQoL

Variable	Unadjusted			Adjusted*
	Coefficient	95%CI	P	Coefficient	95%CI	P
Total
Normal cognition	0(Ref.)	0(Ref.)	–	0(Ref.)	0(Ref.)	–
Cognitive impairment	−0.025	−0.036 ~ −0.014	< 0.001	−0.013	−0.024 ~ −0.002	0.022
65–74 years old
Normal cognition	0(Ref.)	0(Ref.)	–	0(Ref.)	0(Ref.)	–
Cognitive impairment	−0.019	−0.031 ~ −0.006	0.004	−0.011	−0.023-0.001	0.077
≥75 years old
Normal cognition	0(Ref.)	0(Ref.)	–	0(Ref.)	0(Ref.)	–
Cognitive impairment	− 0.028	− 0.046 ~ − 0.009	0.004	− 0.019	− 0.037 ~ − 0.001	0.045

*Adjusted: age, gender, surgery, and frailty

GEE Generalized Estimating Equation