Table 2.
Characteristics of Hispanics based on allostatic load (ALoad) group and biomarkers, NHANES (1999-2010)
| Variables | All Hispanics Weighted (n=8,360) |
No load Weighted (n=1,289) |
Low load Weighted (n=4,626) |
High load Weighted (n=2,445) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage (n) | |||||
| Sex | <0.0001 | ||||
| Male | 51.27 (n=4,144) | 7.02 (n=569) | 27.61 (n=2,209) | 16.63 (n=1,366) | |
| Female | 48.72 (n=4,216) | 9.06 (n=720) | 27.71 (n= 2,417) | 11.40 (n=1,079) | |
| Place of birth | 0.0017 | ||||
| US-born Hispanics | 37.74 (n=3,347) | 5.42 (n=460) | 21.89 (n=1,907) | 10.42 (n=980) | |
| Foreign-born Hispanics | 62.25 (n=5,013) | 11.20 (n=830) | 33.43 (n=2,718) | 17.62 (n=1,465) | |
| Hispanic identity (country of origin) | 0.1410 | ||||
| Mexican American | 59.93 (n=6,452) | 10.49 (n=1,034) | 33.00 (n=3,559) | 16.42 (n=1,859) | |
| Other Hispanics | 40.06 (n=1,909) | 6.12 (n=256) | 22.32 (n=1,067) | 11.61 (n=586) | |
| Mean (95% CI) | |||||
| ALoad score | 2.00 (1.94-2.06) | NA | 1.68 (1.66-1.71) | 3.76 (3.70-3.82) | NA |
| Biomarkers (cut-off points used to calculate allostatic load scores) | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (127.14 mmHg) | 121.00 (120.08-121.92) | 110.31 (109.65-110.97) | 118.08 (117.18-118.97) | 131.69 (130.22-133.15) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (75.84 mmHg) | 70.17 (69.75-70.59) | 63.53 (62.94-64.11) | 67.75 (67.23-68.28) | 77.91 (77.38-78.44) | <0.0001 |
| Pulse (78.96 pulse) | 72.37 (71.97-72.77) | 67.29 (66.75-67.83) | 71.22 (70.63-71.81) | 77.34 (76.42-78.26) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (218.02 mg/dL) | 196.66 (195.33-198.00) | 176.01 (174.31-177.70) | 194.41 (192.71-196.11) | 215.35 (212.55-218.15) | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (39.51 mg/dL) | 49.12 (48.65-49.58) | 54.61 (53.81-55.41) | 49.79 (49.27-50.32) | 43.99 (43.12-44.86) | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine clearance (172.62 mg/dL) | 134.28 (131.47-137.10) | 95.49 (92.35-98.62) | 136.67 (132.59-140.75) | 152.89 (148.11-157.66) | <0.0001 |
| Serum albumin (4.05 g/dL) | 4.33 (4.31-4.35) | 4.44 (4.42-4.45) | 4.33 (4.32-4.35) | 4.25 (4.22-4.28) | <0.0001 |
| C-reactive protein (0.46 mg/dL) | 0.41 (0.38-0.44) | 0.22 (0.20-025) | 0.40 (0.35-0.44) | 0.56 (0.516-0.622) | <0.0001 |
NA, not applicable. Significant differences were denoted at p<0.05. Allostatic load group: no load= not high-risk biomarkers, low load = 1–2 high-risk biomarkers, and high load= ≥3 high-risk biomarkers.