TABLE I.

Evaluation of nucleus detection on different datasets in terms of precision (P), recall (R) and F₁ score (%). $\mathcal{S}$ and $\mathcal{T}$ denote the source and target domains, respectively. The first, second, third and forth panels represent the proposed method’s variants, proposed UDA methods, proposed SSDA methods with 5% gold-standard annotations available in each target dataset, and the target-only models respectively, for different radii (i.e., r = 16 and 8) used to define gold-standard regions.

Method		r = 16
		H&E ($\mathcal{T}$)						DAPI ($\mathcal{T}$)						IHC ($\mathcal{T}$)
		DAPI ($\mathcal{S}$)			IHC ($\mathcal{S}$)			H&E ($\mathcal{S}$)			IHC ($\mathcal{S}$)			H&E ($\mathcal{S}$)			DAPI ($\mathcal{S}$)
		P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1
1	Baseline	49.7	64.3	56.1	74.5	62.5	68.0	69.3	70.6	69.9	76.4	87.2	81.4	72.7	93.1	81.6	68.4	85.8	76.1
	$\mathcal{S}$	70.3	59.0	64.1	75.0	63.5	68.8	60.0	66.7	63.1	71.5	89.9	79.7	59.2	96.3	73.3	79.8	79.2	79.5
	${\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftarrow \mathcal{T}}$	62.5	63.1	62.8	85.3	52.1	64.7	57.2	95.0	71.4	74.2	91.5	82.0	68.2	93.9	79.0	74.0	85.7	79.4
	${\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftarrow \mathcal{T}}$	72.7	56.3	63.4	74.4	58.8	65.7	58.7	77.2	66.7	73.1	87.7	79.7	60.7	96.7	74.5	77.5	86.7	81.8
2	${\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftrightarrow \mathcal{T}}^{UDA}$	70.1	61.2	65.3	82.8	59.3	69.1	65.3	84.6	73.7	74.7	90.4	81.8	76.2	93.0	83.7	77.8	83.3	80.5
	$\mathcal{S}+{\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftrightarrow \mathcal{T}}^{UDA}$	71.8	60.5	65.7	82.9	60.2	69.7	65.9	81.0	72.6	74.8	90.4	81.8	75.8	94.2	84.0	79.4	82.0	80.7
3	${\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftrightarrow \mathcal{T}}^{SSDA}$	75.4	69.3	72.2	73.9	69.9	71.8	75.7	86.2	80.6	76.6	85.6	80.8	83.5	87.2	85.3	85.2	84.8	85.0
	$\mathcal{S}+{\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftrightarrow \mathcal{T}}^{SSDA}$	77.7	70.2	73.8	77.2	68.7	72.7	75.8	86.6	80.9	76.7	86.9	81.5	82.5	88.8	85.6	87.0	85.0	86.0
4	5%-target	73.6	66.0	69.9	73.6	66.0	69.9	75.7	86.0	80.8	75.7	86.0	80.8	85.8	82.2	84.3	85.8	82.2	84.3
	Full-target	75.7	90.8	82.5	75.7	90.8	82.5	77.2	89.3	82.8	77.2	89.3	82.8	87.7	89.5	88.6	87.7	89.5	88.6
Method		r = 8
		H&E ($\mathcal{T}$)						DAPI ($\mathcal{T}$)						IHC ($\mathcal{T}$)
		DAPI ($\mathcal{S}$)			IHC ($\mathcal{S}$)			H&E ($\mathcal{S}$)			IHC ($\mathcal{S}$)			H&E ($\mathcal{S}$)			DAPI ($\mathcal{S}$)
		P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1	P	R	F 1
1	Baseline	40.1	51.8	45.2	68.2	57.2	62.2	58.3	59.4	58.8	69.0	78.7	73.5	70.9	90.8	79.6	66.3	83.1	73.7
	$\mathcal{S}$	61.5	51.6	56.1	67.5	57.2	61.9	45.2	50.2	47.5	63.5	79.8	70.8	56.4	91.9	69.9	77.1	76.5	76.8
	${\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftarrow \mathcal{T}}$	53.6	54.1	53.8	79.4	48.5	60.2	51.6	85.8	64.5	68.6	84.5	75.7	65.7	90.4	76.1	71.4	82.6	76.6
	${\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftarrow \mathcal{T}}$	65.6	50.8	57.2	68.3	54.0	60.3	43.7	57.5	49.7	65.9	79.0	71.8	57.4	91.5	70.5	75.1	83.9	79.3
2	${\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftrightarrow \mathcal{T}}^{UDA}$	62.5	54.5	58.2	77.0	55.2	64.3	55.5	71.9	62.6	68.8	83.2	75.3	73.8	90.1	81.1	75.3	80.7	77.9
	$\mathcal{S}+{\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftrightarrow \mathcal{T}}^{UDA}$	64.4	54.2	58.9	77.2	56.1	65.0	54.8	67.4	60.4	68.5	82.9	75.0	73.3	91.0	81.2	77.1	79.6	78.3
3	${\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftrightarrow \mathcal{T}}^{SSDA}$	68.0	62.5	65.1	66.7	63.0	64.8	68.6	78.1	73.0	69.8	78.0	73.7	80.7	84.2	82.4	82.5	82.2	82.3
	$\mathcal{S}+{\mathcal{T}}_{\mathcal{S}\leftrightarrow \mathcal{T}}^{SSDA}$	70.9	64.0	67.3	70.9	63.0	66.7	67.6	77.2	72.1	69.9	79.2	74.3	79.8	85.9	82.7	84.7	82.7	83.7
4	5%-target	66.7	59.8	63.3	66.7	59.8	63.3	68.9	78.5	73.7	68.9	78.5	73.7	82.9	79.5	81.5	82.9	79.5	81.5
	Full-target	71.1	85.3	77.6	71.1	85.3	77.6	72.0	83.3	77.2	72.0	83.3	77.2	86.0	87.8	86.9	86.0	87.8	86.9