Table 2.
Participants’ characteristics and baseline values for physical activity covariates
| Active (N = 230) | Control (N = 161) | PA intervention (N = 183) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participant characteristics | |||
| Women/men | 156/74 | 114/47 | 128/55 |
| Age (year) | 50 ± 9 | 48 ± 10 | 48 ± 9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 2.6 | 22.2 ± 2.6 | 22.6 ± 3.2 |
| Do/do not achieve 3.3 MET-h/d | 230/0 | 39/122 | 45/138 |
| Do/do not achieve 10,000 steps/d | 230/0 | 21/140 | 23/160 |
| Nutrition parameters | |||
| Total energy intakes (kcal) | 1854 ± 511 | 1787 ± 488 | 1775 ± 449 |
| Protein intakes (g/1000 kcal) | 38 ± 7 | 37 ± 6 | 37 ± 6 |
| Carbohydrate intakes (g/1000 kcal) | 133 ± 17 | 138 ± 17 | 136 ± 19 |
| Fat intakes (g/1000 kcal) | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 6 | 29 ± 6 |
| Body composition | |||
| Weight (kg) | 58 ± 10 | 58 ± 9 | 59 ± 10 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79 ± 9 | 80 ± 8 | 82 ± 9† |
| Physical fitness parameters | |||
| Trunk flexibility (cm) | 41 ± 8 (N = 229) | 40 ± 11 | 40 ± 10 (N = 182) |
| Vertical jump (cm) | 35 ± 10 (N = 224) | 35 ± 10 (N = 159) | 34 ± 10 (N = 177) |
| Peak oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min) | 33 ± 7 (N = 222)* | 30 ± 6 (N = 155) | 30 ± 6 (N = 177) |
| Cardiovascular parameters | |||
| Heart-rate (bpm) | 61 ± 11* | 65 ± 10 | 65 ± 13 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 90 ± 12 | 88 ± 11† | 89 ± 12 |
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1228 ± 144 | 1229 ± 157 | 1236 ± 185 |
| Blood markers | |||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 90 ± 8 | 88 ± 9 | 90 ± 8 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 84 ± 45 | 90 ± 60 | 90 ± 49 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 211 ± 33 | 207 ± 36 | 208 ± 33 |
Mean ± standard deviation. N = 230, 161, and 183 for the active, control, and low-dose PA intervention groups, respectively, except when otherwise noted
baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LPA, light physical activity; MPA, moderate physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PA, physical activity; TG, triglyceride
*Different from the two other groups
†Different from the “active” group