Table 6.

Overview of hybrid papers (Cycle 3)

Examples	Aim of paper	Citationsa	Key influences	Disciplinary home	Key messages for 3C	Key MNsb
Bergen A et al. A case for case studies [78]	To explore relevance of CS concepts to nursing research	220	Yin	Nursing	It is necessary to analyse case and context data; internal and external validity strengthened e.g. via theory building	1
Crowe et al. The case study approach [79]	To introduce and assess different CS approaches, questions and methods	1627	Stake and Yin	Primary Care/ Population Health	Suggestions to address concerns about transferability, incl. Theoretical sampling respondent validation and transparency	1,2
Payne et al. Case study research methods in end-of-life care [80]	To advocate for CS research in nursing and to summarise practical issues	97	Yin (Stake mentioned)	Nursing/ Palliative Care	Case selection is central to theoretical generalisation; mentions reflexivity in knowledge production	2
Segar et al. Thinking about case studies in 3-D [81]	To reflect on methodology of their case studies of healthcare commissioning	5	Yin, Flyvbjerg	Health Services Research	Important to define boundaries of the case and to focus in-depth on place and local history to understand change	2
Sharp. The case for case studies in nursing research [82]	To set out when CS useful for studying practice, including where there is a complex pathway of care	121	Yin, Stake and Walshe	Nursing	CS have limited capacity for representativeness and generalisation (only to similar situations)	1,2
Van Eyk et al. Evaluating healthcare reform [67]	To reflect on methodological challenges of case study evaluation of healthcare reform	17	Yin	Public Health	CS should consider historical and political context to reform; research needs to be participatory and flexible to adapt to change during evaluation	2
Walshe C. The evaluation of complex interventions in palliative care [25]	To advocate for CS to address complexity of interventions	74	Stake, Merriam, Yin, Flyvbjerg, Walshe	Palliative Care	More emphasis needed on case selection, longitudinal designs, and use of rival hypotheses to enhance study of complexity	1,2
Wells et al. Intervention description is not enough [28]	To examine the relationship between context and intervention	207	Yin	Nursing	Context and intervention are co-constructed; complex interventions evolve during trials; such influences compromise RCTs	1

^a from Google Scholar; ^b 1 = Case studies develop and test complex interventions; 2 = Case studies analyse change in organisations