Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of the Sample Population (N = 419)
| Variable | n (%) | Mean; SD |
|---|---|---|
| Mother age (years) | ||
| ≤ 23 | 110 (26.3) |
29.44; 6.84 |
| 24–31 | 154 (36.8) | |
| 32–39 | 118 (28.1) | |
| ≥40 | 37 (8.8) | |
| Education (years) | ||
| ≤6 | 10 (2.4) |
12.06; 2.68 |
| 7–9 | 60 (14.3) | |
| 10–12 | 218 (52) | |
| >12 | 131 (31.3) | |
| Employment status | ||
| Unemployed | 321 (76.6) | – |
| Employed | 98 (23.4) | |
| Adequate financial resources | ||
| No | 323 (77.1) | – |
| Yes | 96 (22.9) | |
| Parity | ||
| First child | 127 (30.3) | – |
| Multiple children | 292 (69.7) | |
| Intention of pregnancy | ||
| Unplanned | 237 (56.6) | – |
| Planned | 182 (43.4) | |
| Previous pregnancy loss or death of an infant | ||
| No | 339 (80.9) | – |
| Yes | 80 (19.1) | |
| Mode of birth | ||
| Normal | 288 (68.7) | – |
| Caesarian | 131 (31.3) | |
| Infant gender | ||
| Male | 180 (43) | – |
| Female | 239 (57) | |
| Mode of feedinga | ||
| Non-exclusive breastfeeding | 304 (72.6) | – |
| Exclusive breastfeeding | 115 (27.4) | |
| Infant ageb | ||
| <3 months | 186 (44.4) | – |
| 3–6 months | 233 (55.6) | |
| Infant mood | ||
| Quiet | 100 (23.9) | – |
| Changeable | 130 (31.0) | |
| Anxious | 189 (45.1) | |
| Infant sleep patternc | ||
| Sleepless night | 105 (25) | – |
| Little sleep | 95 (22.7) | |
| Good sleep | 219 (52.3) | |
Note: aInfant age was calculated in months based on the date of each month following the month the baby was born. bExclusive breastfeeding means that the infant was fed only breast milk with no solids or other oral intake, except vitamins, mineral supplements, or medication. Otherwise, the feeding mode was defined as non-exclusive breastfeeding. cThe infant sleep pattern variable was classified based on the quality of sleep: sleepless night (i.e., if the baby had frequent and prolonged nocturnal awakenings), little sleep (i.e., if the baby had frequent nocturnal awakenings), and good sleep (i.e., if the baby had uninterrupted sleeping at night).