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. 2021 Oct 21;14:3333–3343. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S327945

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© 2021 Zhu et al.

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Between-group analyses for effective connectivity of the left hippocampus. (A) Regions showing significant between-group difference in causal flow from the left hippocampus to other regions; (B) Regions showing significant between-group difference in causal flow from other regions to the left hippocampus.

Abbreviations: EM, the episodic migraine group; CM, the chronic migraine group; HC, the healthy control group; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; VA, visual areas.