Table 1.

Participant and intervention characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review.

Level of participants	National level Elite Sub-elite Competitive NCAA Division I Age-group	4 studies [16,17,21,22] 1 study [20] 1 study [12] 4 studies [4,7,8,18] 3 studies [8,11,15] 1 study [6]
Age group of participants	College-age 14-17 years 15-25 years	9 studies [3,7,8,11,12,15,17,20,22] 4 studies [4,6,16,18] 1 study [21]
Type of warm-up	Active Passive Active & passive	6 studies [3,6,8,15,18,21] 1 study [7] 7 studies [4,11,12,16,17,20,22]
Specific warm-up used	In-water Dry-land Warm clothing Multiple types	6 studies [3,4,11,16,18,21] 1 study [22] 3 studies [7,17,20] 4 studies [6,8,12,15]
Length of warm-up	1100 yards & 50 yards 100 yards & swimmer’s choice 3000 m & 1500 m 2150 m 2000 m 1200 m 1000 m 1200, 600, & 1800 m	1 study [8] 1 study [11] 1 study [3] 1 study [15] 1 study [6] 2 studies [12,18] 2 studies [4,16] 1 study [21]
Time trial distance	50 yards 50 m 100 m	2 studies [8,11] 4 studies [12,15,16,22] 8 studies [3,4,6,7,17,18,20,21]
Time trial stroke	Freestyle Breaststroke Freestyle & breaststroke	12 studies [3,4,6,7,8,11,15,16,18,20,21,22] 1 study [17] 1 study [12]