Table 3.
Quality assessment of studies included in the systematic review.
| First Author (year) | Study Objective | Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria | HCU Description | Comparison Group or Disorder-Specific HCU | Data Source | Missing Data | Statistics | Consideration of Confounders | Sensitivity Analysis | Sample Size (Subgroup) | Demographics | Results Discussed with Respect to Other Studies | Results Discussed Regarding Generalizability | Limitations | Conclusion Supported by Data | Conflict of Interest/Funders | % of Criteria Fulfilled by Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al Snih (2006) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 87.5 |
| Clay (2011) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 93.8 |
| Gabet (2019) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 93.8 |
| Hadwiger (2019) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 93.8 |
| Hajek (2017a) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 93.8 |
| Hajek (2017b) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 93.8 |
| Hajek (2018) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 93.8 |
| Hajek (2020) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 93.8 |
| Kim (2016) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 87.5 |
| Stein (2000) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 93.8 |
| % of criteria fulfilled by studies | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 30 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 92.5 |
Notes: x = not fulfilled; ✓ = fulfilled.