Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of overall sample and split by physical activity levels
| Categorical Variables | Overall (Percentages displayed by Columns) |
Physical Activity Levelsa (Percentages displayed by rows) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insufficiently Active | Sufficiently Active | ||||||
| N = 2867 | n = 458, weighted 16.6% | n = 2408, weighted 83.4% | pb | ||||
| n | Weighted % | n | Weighted % | n | Weighted % | ||
| Age | 0.003 | ||||||
| 18 to 34 | 814 | 29.9% | 79 | 12.0% | 735 | 88.0% | |
| 35 to 49 | 711 | 28.2% | 96 | 17.1% | 614 | 82.9% | |
| 50 to 64 | 766 | 26.7% | 119 | 16.9% | 647 | 83.1% | |
| 65 and above | 576 | 15.2% | 164 | 24.2% | 412 | 75.8% | |
| Sex | 0.36 | ||||||
| Female | 1458 | 51.6% | 266 | 17.6% | 1191 | 82.4% | |
| Male | 1409 | 48.4% | 192 | 15.6% | 1217 | 84.5% | |
| Ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Chinese | 791 | 75.9% | 141 | 17.7% | 650 | 82.3% | |
| Malay | 961 | 12.7% | 140 | 12.7% | 821 | 87.3% | |
| Indian | 908 | 8.6% | 156 | 14.7% | 751 | 85.1% | |
| Others | 207 | 2.9% | 21 | 9.9% | 186 | 90.1% | |
| Education | 0.15 | ||||||
| Primary and Below | 631 | 20.4% | 159 | 22.3% | 472 | 77.7% | |
| Secondary School | 681 | 20.3% | 110 | 16.4% | 571 | 83.6% | |
| Pre-U/Junior College | 123 | 4.7% | 12 | 6.9% | 111 | 93.1% | |
| Vocational Institute/ITE | 263 | 6.6% | 30 | 11.4% | 233 | 88.6% | |
| Diploma | 474 | 18.5% | 55 | 15.3% | 419 | 84.7% | |
|
Degree, professional certification, and above |
695 | 29.6% | 92 | 16.3% | 602 | 83.7% | |
| Marital Status | 0.65 | ||||||
| Single | 723 | 29.3% | 82 | 14.1% | 641 | 85.9% | |
| Married/Cohabiting | 1840 | 61.6% | 307 | 17.5% | 1532 | 82.5% | |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 303 | 9.2% | 69 | 18.4% | 234 | 81.6% | |
| Refusedc | 1 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 100.0% | |
| Employment | 0.85 | ||||||
| Employed | 1911 | 70.4% | 257 | 16.3% | 1653 | 83.7% | |
| Economically inactive | 826 | 25.5% | 180 | 17.9% | 646 | 82.1% | |
| Unemployed | 130 | 4.0% | 21 | 13.6% | 109 | 86.4% | |
| Monthly Personal Income (SGD) | 0.98 | ||||||
| No income/ Below $2000 | 1441 | 45.2% | 272 | 15.5% | 1168 | 84.5% | |
| $2000 - $3999 | 689 | 24.0% | 91 | 19.2% | 598 | 80.8% | |
| $4000 - $5999 | 317 | 12.9% | 42 | 16.8% | 275 | 83.2% | |
| $6000 - $9999 | 180 | 7.8% | 26 | 16.0% | 154 | 84.0% | |
| $10,000 and above | 116 | 5.7% | 16 | 17.7% | 100 | 82.3% | |
| Don’t Know/Refusedc | 124 | 4.5% | 11 | 12.7% | 113 | 87.3% | |
| BMI | 0.19 | ||||||
| Underweight | 150 | 7.0% | 28 | 20.2% | 122 | 79.8% | |
| Normal range | 1253 | 53.6% | 184 | 16.2% | 1068 | 83.8% | |
| Overweight | 848 | 26.3% | 120 | 13.5% | 728 | 86.5% | |
| Obese | 415 | 9.0% | 78 | 20.2% | 337 | 79.8% | |
| Refusedc | 201 | 4.1% | 48 | 27.8% | 153 | 72.2% | |
| Chronic physical conditions | 0.002 | ||||||
| No chronic condition | 1229 | 46.2% | 153 | 16.0% | 1076 | 84.1% | |
| One chronic condition | 754 | 26.3% | 95 | 11.6% | 658 | 88.4% | |
| Multimorbidity | 876 | 27.1% | 208 | 22.7% | 668 | 77.3% | |
| Missingc | 8 | 0.3% | 2 | 3.5% | 6 | 96.5% | |
| Sedentary behaviour | < 0.001 | ||||||
| < 7 h/day | 1569 | 52.3% | 183 | 12.4% | 1385 | 87.5% | |
| ≥ 7 h/day | 1297 | 47.7% | 275 | 21.1% | 1022 | 78.9% | |
| Missingc | 1 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 100.0% | |
| Continuous Variables | Overall | Insufficiently Active | Sufficiently Active | pb | |||
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | ||
| 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) | |||||||
| Physical Component Score | 51.6 | 6.8 | 48.9 | 8.2 | 52.1 | 6.3 | < 0.001 |
| Mental Component Score | 51.8 | 7.9 | 51.7 | 8.3 | 51.8 | 7.8 | 0.85 |
a One case was removed from analyses as advised by GPAQ analysis guide, as their total time spent exercising exceeded 24 h/1440 min. 5.3% of study population reported having no physical activity
bBivariate associations between categorical variables and physical activity was examined via chi-square analyses. Associations between physical activity and SF-12 scores was tested via t-tests
cRespondents who indicated Don’t Know/Refused and had missing data were not included in bivariate analyses and were excluded from subsequent regression analyses