Table 2.
Psychological variable frequencies and comparison between genders.
| Total Sample (N = 1122) | Female | Male | Differences | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 725) | (n = 397) | |||||||||||||
| Min | Max | Sk | Ku | α | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | t | p | d | |
| (SD = 0.1) | (SD = 0.2) | |||||||||||||
| COVID-19 Anxiety Scale Total | 1 | 5 | 3.1 | 11.7 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | −4.2 | <0.001 | −0.3 |
| Fear COVID-19 Scale Total | 1 | 5 | 0.3 | −0.1 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.8 | −8.7 | <0.001 | −0.6 |
| Fear COVID-19 Scale Emotional Fear | 1 | 5 | −0.1 | −0.4 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 0.9 | −9.5 | <0.001 | −0.6 |
| Fear COVID-19 Scale Cognitive Fear | 1 | 5 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.7 | −5.7 | <0.001 | −0.4 |
| Perceived Risk COVID-19 Scale Total | 0 | 4 | −0.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 0.7 | −7.1 | <0.001 | −0.4 |
| Perceived Risk COVID-19 Cognitive Scale | 0 | 4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.9 | −4.3 | <0.001 | −0.3 |
| Perceived Risk COVID-19 Emotional Scale | 0 | 4 | −0.7 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.9 | −7.2 | <0.001 | −0.5 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Total | 1 | 5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 0.6 | −6.9 | <0.001 | −0.4 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Psychological Factor | 1 | 5 | −0.5 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 3.2 | 0.8 | −9.2 | <0.001 | −0.6 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Psychosomatic Factor | 1 | 5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.8 | −5.5 | <0.001 | −0.3 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Economic Factor | 1 | 5 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.8 | −4.0 | <0.001 | −0.3 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Social Factor | 1 | 5 | −0.1 | −0.2 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 0.8 | −2.7 | 0.006 | −0.2 |
| Danger Stress | 0 | 4 | −0.7 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.8 | −6.6 | 0.004 | −0.4 |
| Socio-economic Consequences Stress | 0 | 4 | 0.5 | −0.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | −5.5 | <0.001 | −0.3 |
| Xenophobia Stress | 0 | 4 | 0.4 | −0.5 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.0 | −2.9 | <0.001 | −0.2 |
| Contamination Stress | 0 | 4 | 0.0 | −0.6 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0.9 | −5.6 | <0.001 | −0.4 |
Notes: Min = minimum; Max = maximum; Sk = skewness; Ku = kurtosis; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; α = Cronbach’s alpha; t = Student’s t-test; p = p-value; d = Cohen’s d; bold = significant results.