Table 3.
Psychological variable frequencies and comparison between education and employment status.
| Without University | With University | Differences | Inactive | Active | Differences | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 627) | (n = 495) | (n = 190) | (n = 932) | |||||||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | t | p | d | M | SD | M | SD | t | p | d | |
| COVID-19 Anxiety Scale Total | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.979 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.637 | 0.0 |
| Fear COVID-19 Scale Total | 2.5 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.178 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.051 | 0.2 |
| Fear COVID-19 Scale Emotional Fear | 2.9 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.745 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.126 | 0.2 |
| Fear COVID-19 Scale Cognitive Fear | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.009 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.011 | 0.0 |
| Perceived Risk COVID-19 Scale Total | 2.2 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 0.7 | −0.6 | 0.553 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.251 | 0.2 |
| Perceived Risk COVID-19 Cognitive Scale | 2.1 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.9 | −1.9 | 0.062 | −0.1 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.9 | −1.4 | 0.179 | 0.1 |
| Perceived Risk COVID-19 Emotional Scale | 2.8 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.232 | 0.1 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.621 | −0.1 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Total | 2.7 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 0.001 | 0.2 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 0.050 | 0.0 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Psychological Factor | 3.6 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 0.005 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.364 | 0.2 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Psychosomatic Factor | 2.0 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 0.001 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.120 | 0.1 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Economic Factor | 2.1 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 0.003 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 0.012 | 0.1 |
| COVID-19 Phobia Scale Social Factor | 3.1 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.096 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.228 | 0.2 |
| Danger Stress | 2.8 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.344 | 0.1 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.776 | 0.0 |
| Socio-economic Consequences Stress | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 0.023 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 0.003 | 0.3 |
| Xenophobia Stress | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 4.7 | <0.001 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.029 | 0.2 |
| Contamination Stress | 2.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 2.7 | <0.001 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.044 | 0.2 |
Notes: M = mean; SD = standard deviation; α = Cronbach’s alpha; t = Student’s t-test; p = p-value; d = Cohen’s d effect size; bold = significant results.