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. 2021 Oct 14:1–11. doi: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1988102

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Figure 1. — The role of purinergic signaling on immune system activation. The nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its derivatives released from injured tissues act on various purinoceptor subtypes of P1 and P2. When activated, P2 receptor subtypes (P2X, P2Y) expressed on various immune cells participate in the release of several inflammatory cytokines. P1 receptors (A1, A2, A3) however have an anti-inflammatory effect.