TABLE II. Summary of Testing Sensitivity, Specificity, F1-Score, and AUC Results on COVID-19 CT [27], X-Ray Images [37] and RIDER Neuro MRI [38].

	Sensitivity			Specificity			F1-score			AUC
	CT	X-Ray	RIDER MRI	CT	X-Ray	RIDER MRI	CT	X-Ray	RIDER MRI	CT	X-Ray	RIDER MRI
OC-SVM [7]	0.624	0.682	0.542	0.641	0.735	0.372	0.632	0.704	0.441	0.707	0.783	0.656
VGG16	0.787	0.830	0.691	0.736	0.804	0.660	0.761	0.817	0.675	0.802	0.834	0.711
ResNet101	0.794	0.847	0.656	0.831	0.813	0.794	0.812	0.829	0.718	0.836	0.857	0.785
Dense-UNet [28]	0.723	0.766	–	0.875	0.811	–	0.792	0.788	–	0.816	0.820	–
Inf-Net [34]	0.870	0.894	–	0.800	0.865	–	0.834	0.862	–	0.872	0.891	–
Zheng [33]	0.907	0.880	–	0.911	0.946	–	0.909	0.912	–	0.932	0.935	–
Pereira [44]	–	–	0.812	–	–	0.830	–	–	0.821	–	–	0.846
Abd-Ellah [45]	–	–	0.818	–	–	0.846	–	–	0.832	–	–	0.861
AE-VGG16	0.504	0.512	0.481	0.473	0.576	0.493	0.488	0.542	0.487	0.607	0.623	0.656
AE-ResNet101	0.623	0.605	0.660	0.601	0.644	0.683	0.616	0.624	0.671	0.668	0.712	0.707
TSC [2]	0.771	0.679	0.692	0.697	0.688	0.779	0.732	0.683	0.733	0.706	0.745	0.792
StackRNN [2]	0.712	0.833	0.846	0.821	0.810	0.819	0.763	0.821	0.832	0.810	0.843	0.831
MemAE [15]	0.855	0.871	0.832	0.842	0.858	0.855	0.848	0.864	0.843	0.924	0.911	0.858
MAMA Net (ours)	0.901 ± 0.06	0.920 ± 0.02	0.873 ± 0.03	0.909 ± 0.05	0.938 ± 0.04	0.847 ± 0.05	0.905	0.929	0.859	0.957	0.969	0.883