TABLE III. The Quantitative Results of Our Method Compared to Other UAD Methods and nnU-Net. For Each Column, the
, Second and Third Values are Highlighted.
| Methods | Coronacases | Radiopedia | UESTC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DSC (%) | PSC (%) | SEN (%) | DSC (%) | PSC (%) | SEN (%) | DSC (%) | PSC (%) | SEN (%) | |
| nnU-Net [55] | 80.1±6.73 | 80.2±12.4 | 82.3±9.30 | 76.7±5.81 | 77.1±14.0 | 80.5±13.1 | 81.6±9.43 | 83.0±11.7 | 81.7±11.6 |
| nnU-Net-Unseen | 78.1±12.0 | 79.0±13.6 | 78.9±13.5 | 68.0±19.8 | 60.9±22.9 | 87.6±9.72 | 79.3±8.19 | 82.8±12.8 | 77.6±8.71 |
| COPLE-Net [15] | 68.2±10.8 | 77.3±9.57 | 63.4±16.9 | 59.3±17.7 | 57.9±16.0 | 63.3±23.0 | 83.9±9.47 | 84.8±10.5 | 84.6±12.0 |
| Inf-Net [16] | 66.9±14.0 | 74.5±15.6 | 63.3±16.5 | 67.8±13.3 | 65.2±17.1 | 75.9±13.4 | 63.9±11.8 | 70.4±17.9 | 62.2±12.8 |
| AE | 28.3±15.5 | 21.5±15.3 | 52.1±11.3 | 30.3±17.7 | 24.4±19.0 | 58.9±6.2 | 21.1±22.5 | 21.9±25.7 | 44.0±11.1 |
| VAE [44] | 26.4±14.5 | 19.8±14.0 | 50.1±9.8 | 28.1±17.5 | 21.6±17.6 | 62.3±5.7 | 21.3±20.4 | 16.7±20.1 | 44.6±11.7 |
| VAE Spatial [51] | 27.4±16.5 | 21.0±16.4 | 49.9±11.9 | 30.7±19.8 | 24.8±20.7 | 59.2±8.0 | 25.4±22.2 | 18.3±26.4 | 42.7±13.5 |
| VAE Original | 10.9±8.0 | 6.9±6.1 | 41.3±8.2 | 12.3±10.5 | 8.5±8.9 | 44.9±4.9 | 10.2±10.4 | 5.2±11.6 | 31.9±4.7 |
| Context VAE [47] | 29.7±16.0 | 21.8±15.6 | 61.0±9.8 | 32.3±21.3 | 24.3±20.6 | 72.2±6.0 | 27.2±26.7 | 19.2±25.8 | 52.2±9.4 |
| Constrained VAE [48] | 27.9±14.8 | 21.0±14.7 | 53.2±10.5 | 29.2±17.7 | 22.9±18.3 | 61.3±5.6 | 22.2±17.3 | 17.8±20.4 | 39.3±7.4 |
| GMVAE [49] | 25.7±16.4 | 20.2±14.4 | 51.0±12.6 | 28.6±17.7 | 22.3±19.5 | 63.3±7.2 | 24.7±20.3 | 18.8±26.4 | 40.9±11.8 |
| Bayesian VAE [50] | 27.5±15.0 | 20.8±14.7 | 50.9±11.4 | 29.6±16.8 | 23.5±17.6 | 58.2±6.8 | 22.0±17.2 | 15.7±16.0 | 40.1±12.3 |
| KL Grad [38] | 9.5±8.2 | 5.5±5.2 | 65.5±19.7 | 10.2±14.2 | 6.7±10.3 | 39.1±20.3 | 7.9±12.8 | 6.2±9.4 | 56.7±19.5 |
| VAE Restoration [49] | 12.8±4.5 | 16.3±10.1 | 12.1±2.5 | 9.1±3.7 | 16.5±16.0 | 8.8±1.6 | 6.4±2.8 | 13.1±14.3 | 7.0±1.0 |
| f-AnoGAN [45] | 15.4±12.6 | 10.8±10.8 | 38.3±13.2 | 19.7±17.3 | 14.2±14.9 | 55.2±8.9 | 12.1±11.8 | 8.7±13.1 | 40.3±8.2 |
| Proposed w/o growing | 67.1±17.7 | 85.7±6.89 | 60.0±22.5 | 54.6±17.4 | 59.2±18.6 | 54.4±17.7 | 61.5±18.3 | 68.1±25.2 | 69.1±21.1 |
| Proposed | 69.8±15.2 | 82.1±8.92 | 66.2±22.2 | 59.3±16.9 | 58.3±18.0 | 65.6±18.7 | 61.4±19.4 | 61.3±26.1 | 77.6±19.6 |