TABLE I. Available Quantitative Data to Support Molecular Communications Modelling.

Type	Viral concentrations in specimens	Characteristics of virion	Detection	Ref.
SARS-CoV (1–2)	SARS-CoV: Nasopharyngeal aspirates – mean values of RNA copies/mL, copies/mL, and copies/mL on days 5, 10, and 15, respectively (collected from 14 patients) Stool – a mean value of copies/mL on day 10 (collected from 1 patient) SARS-CoV-2: Lower respiratory specimens (sputum samples) – 641 copies/mL, with a median of (collected from 80 patients) Posterior oropharyngeal saliva – a median of copies/mL Upper respiratory specimens (nasal and throat swabs) – cycle threshold (Ct) values 19–40 (collected from 14 patients); Ct values are inversely related to viral RNA copy number, with Ct of 30.76, 27.67, 24.56, and 21.48 corresponding to , , , and copies/mL	Enveloped, spherical, 60–140 nm in diameter with spikes of about 9–12 nm Genome: 30 kb positive-sense, single-stranded RNA RNA Transcript: 5’ cap, 3’ poly-A tail Proteome: 10 proteins	Viral RNA and protein quantification; Serologic detection of antibodies against viruses	[30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35]
MERS-CoV	Lower and upper respiratory specimens (sputum or tracheal aspirate, and throat-swab) – a median of RNA copies/mL in the severe group and copies/mL in the mild group (depending on whether oxygen supplementation was used) (P = 0.06) (collected from 17 patients)	Around 100 nm in diameter Genome: (+)ssrNA, 30 kb (20–33 kb) enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus Proteome: 1a, 1b, S, e, M, N, Assorted OrFs RNA Transcript: 5’-capped	Viral RNA and protein quantification; Serologic detection of antibodies against viruses	[36], [35], [37], [38]
EBOV	Serum – up to 1010 RNA copies/mL in samples from the patients who died; up to 108 within the first 8 days after the onset of symptoms; Viremia classified as low, intermediate, or high according to the viral load ( , , and ) GEQ/mL (genome equivalent per mL), respectively) (collected from 632 patients)	Filamentous, 970 nm long, 80 nm in diameter, enveloped Genome: approximately 19 kilobase negative-sense, single-stranded RNA Proteome: 7 sequentially arranged proteins RNA Transcript: 5’ methyl cap, 3’ poly-A tail	Viral RNA and protein quantification; Serologic detection of antibodies against viruses	[39], [40], [35]
DENV	Serum – 103–1011 RNA copies/mL (collected from 228 patients, whose data were stratified by infecting dengue serotype (DENV-1, DENV-2, or DENV-3) and by immune status and clinical manifestation (primary infection dengue fever, secondary infection dengue fever, or secondary infection dengue hemorrhagic fever)	Around 50 nm in diameter, icosahedral, enveloped Genome: 10.7 kilobase positive-sense, single-stranded RNA Proteome: single polyprotein, co- & post-translationally cleaved into 11 mature proteins RNA Transcript: 5’ methyl cap, no 3’ poly-A tail	Viral RNA and protein quantification; Serologic detection of antibodies against viruses	[41], [42], [43], [35]
ZIKV	Plasma – RNA copies/mL Urine – RNA copies/mL Semen – RNA copies/mL (collected 2 weeks after symptom onset from a 32-year-old man) and up to RNA copies/mL measured (collected from 12 men in French Guiana with ZIKV infection) Plasma, urine, and saliva – ZIKV RNA found in the saliva of only the woman; ZIKV remained detectable in their plasma for about 2 weeks, while the urine of the man was consistently positive until day 14 and that of the woman until day 25; The greater virus load in the urine observed in the man (collected from a 69-year-old man and 66-year-old-woman)	Enveloped, spherical, 50 nm in diameter with an electron dense core of 30 nm Genome: 10.8 kb positive-sense, single-stranded RNA Proteome: single polyprotein, co- & post-translationally cleaved into 11 mature proteins RNA Transcript: 5’ methyl cap, no 3’ poly-A tail	Viral RNA and protein quantification; Serologic detection of antibodies against viruses	[44], [45], [46], [35]
HCV	Serum – RNA copies/mL (collected from 38 chronically infected patients – 19 infected by genotype 1 isolates (1a and 1b), 13 by nongenotype 1 isolates (including genotypes 2 a/c, 3a, and 4), and 6 coinfected by genotype 1 and 6 isolates)	Around 50 nm in diameter, icosahedral, enveloped Genome: 9.6 kilobase positive-sense, single-stranded RNA Proteome: single polyprotein, co- & post-translationally cleaved into 10 mature proteins RNA Transcript: 5’ internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), no 3’ poly-A tail	Viral RNA quantification; Serologic detection of antibodies against HCV	[47], [35]