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. 2021 Oct 11;12:674095. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.674095

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Copyright © 2021 Korinek, Handoussa, Tsai, Chen, Chen, Chiou, Fang, Chang, Yen, Hsieh, Chen, El-Shazly and Hwang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of fennel (FEN) (left panel) and cumin (CUMIN) (right panel) volatile oils on degranulation in human neutrophils using various inducers. Human neutrophils were incubated with 0.1% DMSO (as control), fennel or cumin volatile oils for 5 min, and then activated by (A) fMLF, (B) MMK1, (C) IL-8, or (D) LTB4 in the presence of CB for another 10 min (details in Measurement of Elastase Release). Elastase release was measured based on consumption of the substrate present in the medium and OD was read at 405 nm. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 3). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with the control (inducer only).