FIG 1.

Caulobacter encodes three HipBA modules. (A) Schematic view of a typical type II toxin-antitoxin system. (B) Gene organization of three Caulobacter crescentus HipBA modules. (C) Relative growth (xylose versus glucose) of Caulobacter strains bearing chromosomal copies of hipA genes tagged with M2 and their kinase-dead mutants as the only copies of the hipA genes, transcribed from a xylose-inducible promoter, in PYE medium with either xylose or glucose. The OD was measured on a plate reader. The OD value was recorded every 5 min for 24 h. EV denotes empty vector. Mean and SD from four biological replicates are plotted.