2. Characteristics of study participants.
| Study |
Mean age (years) |
Gender (% male) |
Mean time poststroke | Side of weakness (% right‐sided weakness) |
| Abdullahi 2018 | 300 reps: 59.42 600 reps: 57.60 |
Unable to establish from information given | 300 reps: 22 days 600 reps: 14 days |
Unable to establish from information given |
| Ada 2013 | 2‐month group: 64 4‐month group: 70 |
2‐month group: 28% 4‐month group: 24% |
2‐month group: 20 months 4‐month group: 22 months |
2‐month group: 14% 4‐month group: 18% |
| Burgar 2011 | Robot low: 62.5 Robot high: 58.6 |
No information | Robot low: 17.3 days Robot high: 16.6 days |
Robot low: 53% Robot high: 47% |
| Cooke 2010b | CPT: 66.37 CPT+CPT: 67.46 |
CPT: 55% CPT+CPT: 63% |
CPT: 36.76 days CPT+CPT: 32.43 days |
CPT: 45% CPT+CPT: 37% |
| Donaldson 2009 | CPT: 72.6 CPT+CPT: 73.3 |
CPT: 50% CPT+CPT: 50% |
CPT: 13.4 days CPT+CPT: 25.6 days |
CPT: 50% CPT+CPT: 40% |
| Dromerick 2009 | Low CIMT: 62.8 High CIMT: 64.5 |
Low CIMT: 32% High CIMT: 56% |
Low CIMT: 8.8 days High CIMT: 9.94 days |
Low CIMT: 47.4% High CIMT: 56.3% |
| English 2015 | 5 day: 68.2 7 day: 71.9 |
5 day: 55% 7 day: 61% |
5 day: 28.7 days 7 day: 25.0 days |
5 day: 40.4% 7 day: 42.7% |
| GAPS 2004 | Standard physiotherapy: 67 Augmented physiotherapy: 68 |
Standard physiotherapy: 49% Augmented physiotherapy: 69% |
Standard physiotherapy: 25 days Augmented physiotherapy: 22 days |
Standard physiotherapy: 57% Augmented physiotherapy: 54% |
| Han 2013a | Group A (1 hour): 52.4 Group B (2 hours): 53.7 Group C (3 hours): 44.6 |
Group A: 70% Group B: 80% Group C: 80% |
Group A: 41.4 days Group B: 42.9 days Group C: 38.3 days |
Group A: 10% Group B: 10% Group C: 20% |
| Hsieh 2012 | Low RT: 52.2 High RT: 56.5 |
Low RT: 72% High RT: 61% |
Low RT: 23.3 months High RT: 28.7 months |
Low RT: 50% High RT: 50% |
| Hsu 2010 | Low NMES: 62 High NMES: 60.2 |
Low NMES: 15% High NMES: 15% |
Low NMES: 21 days High NMES: 23.3 days |
Low NMES: 54.5% High NMES: 40.9% |
| Hunter 2011a | 30 minutes: 73.3 60 minutes: 72.9 120 minutes: 72.5 |
30 minutes: 61% 60 minutes: 42% 120 minutes: 45% |
All participants were within 8–84 days postevent | 30 minutes: 22% 60 minutes: 21% 120 minutes: 35% |
|
Kowalczewski 2007 |
Low‐intensity FES‐ET: 61.7 High‐intensity FES‐ET: 59.4 |
Low‐intensity FES‐ET: 67% High‐intensity FES‐ET: 40% |
Low‐intensity FES‐ET: 1.6 months High‐intensity FES‐ET: 1.6 months |
Low‐intensity FES‐ET: 22% High‐intensity FES‐ET: 40% |
| Lang 2016a | 3.2k reps group: 59.9 6.4k reps group: 62.1 9.6k reps group: 60.0 Individualised maximum group: 60.9 |
3.2k reps group: 67% 6.4k reps group: 77% 9.6k reps group: 52% Individualised maximum group: 62% |
3.2k reps group: 12.0 months 6.4k reps group: 13.0 months 9.6k reps group: 13.0 months Individualised maximum group: 11.5 months |
3.2k reps group: 52% 6.4k reps group: 45% 9.6k reps group: 48% Individualised maximum group: 62% |
| Lincoln 1999 | Routine physiotherapy: 73 Qualified physiotherapy: 73 |
Routine physiotherapy: 47% Qualified physiotherapy: 54% |
All participants were between 1 and 5 weeks poststroke on entry to the study |
Routine physiotherapy: 40% Qualified physiotherapy: 50% |
| Page 2012a | 57.6 | 47% | 53.8 months | 59% |
| Partridge 2000 | 76.5 | 46% | Unable to establish, but setting was acute inpatient | 46% |
| Smith 1981 | Group 1: 63 Group 2: 66 |
Group 1: 67% Group 2: 73% |
Group 1: 35 days Group 2: 41 days |
Unable to establish from information given |
| Tong 2019 | ERM: 62.1 EIM: 60.9 |
ERM: 71.3% EIM: 76.7% |
ERM: 41.0 hours EIM: 38.0 hours |
Unable to establish from information given |
| Wang 2004 | Experimental: 65.13 Control: 65.72 |
Experimental: 55% Control: 53% |
Unable to establish, but setting was acute inpatient | Unable to establish from information given |
| Winstein 2019a | 15 hours: 57.0 30 hours: 61.3 60 hours: 60.64 |
15 hours: 90% 30 hours: 70% 60 hours: 73% |
15 hours: 2.93 years 30 hours: 2.45 years 60 hours: 1.96 years |
15 hours: 60% 30 hours: 70% 60 hours: 27% |
Information provided either by included study group, or overall study, dependent on what was reported in the paper.
CPT: conventional physiotherapy; CIMT: constraint‐induced movement therapy; EIM: early intensive mobilisation; ERM: early routine mobilisation; FES‐ET: functional electric stimulation‐assisted exercise therapy; NMES: neuromuscular electrical stimulation; reps: repetitions; RT: robot‐assisted therapy.