6. Subgroup analyses.
Subgroup analysis | Outcome | Studies included | Significance of subgroup difference |
Effect of time since stroke (studies within the first 6 months since stroke vs studies after 6 months since stroke) |
ADL outcomes | First 6 months: Abdullahi 2018; Burgar 2011; Dromerick 2009; English 2015; GAPS 2004; Han 2013a; Kowalczewski 2007; Lincoln 1999; Wang 2004 After 6 months: Ada 2013; Hsieh 2012; Lang 2016a; Page 2012a; Winstein 2019a |
P = 0.39 |
Activity measures of the upper limb | First 6 months: Abdullahi 2018; Burgar 2011; Donaldson 2009; Dromerick 2009; Han 2013a; Hsu 2010; Hunter 2011a; Kowalczewski 2007 After 6 months: Hsieh 2012; Lang 2016a; Page 2012a; Winstein 2019a |
P = 0.71 | |
Activity measures of the lower limb | First 6 months: Cooke 2010b; English 2015; GAPS 2004; Partridge 2000 After 6 months: Ada 2013 |
P = 1.00 | |
Motor impairment measures of the upper limb | First 6 months: Abdullahi 2018; Burgar 2011; Donaldson 2009; Han 2013a; Hsu 2010; Hunter 2011a; Kowalczewski 2007 After 6 months: Hsieh 2012; Page 2012a |
P = 0.85 | |
Hours of intervention provided per week Grouped as: < 5 hours, 5 hours to < 10 hours, 10 hours to < 20 hours, ≥ 20 hours interventional therapy to the experimental group per week |
ADL outcomes | < 5 hours: Ada 2013; English 2015; Kowalczewski 2007; Lang 2016a 5 hours to < 10 hours: Burgar 2011; GAPS 2004; Lincoln 1999; Wang 2004 10 hours to < 20 hours: Dromerick 2009; Han 2013a; Page 2012a ≥ 20 hours: Winstein 2019a |
P = 0.72 |
Activity measures of the upper limb | < 5 hours: Donaldson 2009; Kowalczewski 2007; Lang 2016a 5 hrs to < 10 hours: Burgar 2011; Hsu 2010; Hunter 2011a 10 hours to < 20 hours: Dromerick 2009; Han 2013a; Page 2012a ≥ 20 hours: Winstein 2019a |
P = 0.61 | |
Activity measures of the lower limb | < 5 hours: Ada 2013; Cooke 2010b; English 2015 5 hrs to < 10 hours: GAPS 2004; Partridge 2000 10 hours to < 20 hours: none ≥ 20 hours: none |
P = 0.52 | |
Motor impairment measures of the upper limb | < 5 hours: Donaldson 2009; Kowalczewski 2007 5 hours to < 10 hours: Burgar 2011; Hsu 2010; Hunter 2011a 10 hours to < 20 hours: Han 2013a; Page 2012a ≥ 20 hours: none |
P = 0.09 | |
Upper limb therapy vs other therapy | ADL outcomes | Upper limb therapy: Abdullahi 2018; Burgar 2011; Dromerick 2009; Han 2013a; Hsieh 2012; Kowalczewski 2007; Lang 2016a; Lincoln 1999; Page 2012a; Winstein 2019a Other therapy: Ada 2013; English 2015; GAPS 2004; Wang 2004 |
P = 0.41 |
Electromechanical technology vs no electromechanical technology |
ADL outcomes | Electromechanical technology: Ada 2013; Burgar 2011; Hsieh 2012; Kowalczewski 2007; Page 2012a No electromechanical technology: Abdullahi 2018; Dromerick 2009; English 2015; GAPS 2004; Han 2013a; Lang 2016a; Lincoln 1999; Wang 2004; Winstein 2019a |
P = 0.56 |
Activity measures of the upper limb | Electromechanical technology: Burgar 2011; Hsieh 2012; Hsu 2010; Kowalczewski 2007; Page 2012a No electromechanical technology: Abdullahi 2018; Donaldson 2009; Dromerick 2009; Han 2013a; Hunter 2011a; Lang 2016a; Winstein 2019a |
P = 0.14 | |
Activity measures of the lower limb | Electromechanical technology: Ada 2013 No electromechanical technology: Cooke 2010b; English 2015; GAPS 2004; Partridge 2000 |
P = 1.00 | |
Motor impairment measures of the upper limb | Electromechanical technology: Burgar 2011; Hsieh 2012; Hsu 2010; Kowalczewski 2007; Page 2012a No electromechanical technology: Abdullahi 2018; Donaldson 2009; Han 2013a; Hunter 2011a |
P = 0.84 |
ADL: activities of daily living.