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. 2021 Oct 25;2021(10):CD012612. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012612.pub2

6. Subgroup analyses.

Subgroup analysis Outcome Studies included Significance of subgroup difference
Effect of time since stroke
(studies within the first 6 months since stroke vs studies after 6 months since stroke)
 
 
 
ADL outcomes  First 6 months: Abdullahi 2018Burgar 2011Dromerick 2009English 2015GAPS 2004Han 2013aKowalczewski 2007Lincoln 1999Wang 2004
After 6 months:  Ada 2013Hsieh 2012Lang 2016aPage 2012aWinstein 2019a  
P = 0.39
Activity measures of the upper limb First 6 months: Abdullahi 2018Burgar 2011Donaldson 2009Dromerick 2009Han 2013aHsu 2010Hunter 2011aKowalczewski 2007
After 6 months: Hsieh 2012Lang 2016aPage 2012aWinstein 2019a
P = 0.71
Activity measures of the lower limb First 6 months: Cooke 2010bEnglish 2015GAPS 2004Partridge 2000
After 6 months: Ada 2013
P = 1.00
Motor impairment measures of the upper limb  First 6 months: Abdullahi 2018Burgar 2011Donaldson 2009Han 2013aHsu 2010Hunter 2011aKowalczewski 2007
After 6 months: Hsieh 2012Page 2012a
P = 0.85
Hours of intervention provided per week
Grouped as: < 5 hours, 5 hours to < 10 hours, 10 hours to < 20 hours, ≥ 20 hours interventional therapy to the experimental group per week
 
 
 
ADL outcomes   < 5 hours: Ada 2013English 2015Kowalczewski 2007Lang 2016a
5 hours to < 10 hours: Burgar 2011GAPS 2004Lincoln 1999Wang 2004
10 hours to < 20 hours: Dromerick 2009Han 2013aPage 2012a
≥ 20 hours:  Winstein 2019a
P = 0.72
Activity measures of the upper limb  < 5 hours: Donaldson 2009Kowalczewski 2007Lang 2016a
5 hrs to < 10 hours: Burgar 2011Hsu 2010Hunter 2011a
10 hours to < 20 hours: Dromerick 2009Han 2013aPage 2012a
≥ 20 hours: Winstein 2019a
P = 0.61
Activity measures of the lower limb  < 5 hours: Ada 2013Cooke 2010bEnglish 2015 
5 hrs to < 10 hours: GAPS 2004Partridge 2000
10 hours to < 20 hours: none
≥ 20 hours: none
P = 0.52
Motor impairment measures of the upper limb < 5 hours: Donaldson 2009Kowalczewski 2007
5 hours to < 10 hours: Burgar 2011Hsu 2010Hunter 2011a
10 hours to < 20 hours: Han 2013aPage 2012a
≥ 20 hours: none
 P = 0.09
 Upper limb therapy vs other therapy  ADL outcomes  Upper limb therapy: Abdullahi 2018Burgar 2011Dromerick 2009Han 2013aHsieh 2012Kowalczewski 2007Lang 2016aLincoln 1999Page 2012aWinstein 2019a
Other therapy: Ada 2013English 2015GAPS 2004Wang 2004
P = 0.41
Electromechanical technology vs no electromechanical technology
 
 
 
 ADL outcomes  Electromechanical technology: Ada 2013Burgar 2011Hsieh 2012Kowalczewski 2007Page 2012a 
No electromechanical technology: Abdullahi 2018Dromerick 2009English 2015GAPS 2004Han 2013aLang 2016aLincoln 1999Wang 2004Winstein 2019a
P = 0.56
Activity measures of the upper limb Electromechanical technology: Burgar 2011Hsieh 2012Hsu 2010Kowalczewski 2007Page 2012a
No electromechanical technology: Abdullahi 2018Donaldson 2009Dromerick 2009Han 2013aHunter 2011aLang 2016aWinstein 2019a
P = 0.14
Activity measures of the lower limb Electromechanical technology: Ada 2013
No electromechanical technology: Cooke 2010bEnglish 2015GAPS 2004Partridge 2000
P = 1.00
Motor impairment measures of the upper limb  Electromechanical technology: Burgar 2011Hsieh 2012Hsu 2010Kowalczewski 2007Page 2012a
No electromechanical technology: Abdullahi 2018Donaldson 2009Han 2013aHunter 2011a
P = 0.84

ADL: activities of daily living.