TABLE 2. Threat Model Formulation of Load-Changing Attacks.

Threat Model Threat	Load-changing Attack
Knowledge	Oblivious or Semi-Oblivious
Access	Non-possession
Specificity	Targeted
Resources	Class II
Frequency	Iterative
Reproducibility	Multiple-times
Level	L1 or L2
Asset	Smart HVAC, IoT-connected motors, PLCs, EV chargers, water heaters, etc.
Technique	Modify control logic or wireless compromise
Premise	Cyber: Integrity